Słowa kluczowe
conflict
state
use of force
crisis
privatization of war
Jak cytować
Abstrakt
The article aims to present the issue of ‘old’ versus ‘new’ wars in relation to their specific features. It focuses on the characteristics of both phenomena, as well as providing an analysis of the causes and sources of armed conflicts and their changing dimensions. Methods of waging war have changed along with the political, economic, social and technological developments which have been observed over the years. The very philosophy of war has undergone changes in a similar way. The article aims to identify the direction of changes in the dimensions of war. It also provides an insight into the privatization of warfare and the constantly growing importance of non-state actors in shaping the international order, and therefore their role in post-modern wars.Bibliografia
Alexandra A., Baker D.-P., Caparini M. (2008), Private Military and Security Companies: Ethics, Policies and Civil-military Relations, Routledge, New York.
Alston P., MacDonald E. (2008), Human Rights, Intervention, and the Use of Force, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Antczak-Barzan A., Śliwa Z., Zaniewski R. (2016), Wojna XXI wieku. Początki wojny „trzeciej fali”, Wydawnictwo Vizja Press, Warszawa.
Barber B. (1996), Jihad vs. McWorld: Terrorism’s Challenge to Democracy, Ballantine Books, New York.
Baylis J., Wirtz J., Gray C. S., Cohen E. (2016), Strategy in the Contemporary World, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Bellamy A. J. (2007), Understanding and Regulating Contemporary War. Review Essay, “Australian Journal of Political Science,” vol. 42, no. 4.
Booth K. (2001), New Wars for Old, “Civil Wars,” vol. 4, no. 2.
Carmola K. (2010), Private Security Contractors and New Wars: Risk, Law, and Ethics, Routledge, New York.
Chinkin C., Kaldor M. (2013), Gender and New Wars, “Journal of International Affairs,” vol. 67, no. I.
Clausewitz von C. (1968), On War, Penguin, Harmondsworth.
Creveld van M. (1991), The Transformation of War, Free Press, New York.
Creveld van M. (2007), The Changing Face of War, Presidio Press, Novato.
Czaputowicz J. (2012), Bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe. Współczesne koncepcje, PWN, Warsaw.
Dannreuther R. (2006), International Security. The Contemporary Agenda, Polity Press, Cambridge.
Fleming C. M. (2009), New or Old Wars? Debating a Clausewitzian Future, “Journal of Strategic Studies,” vol. 32, Issue 2.
Friedman G. (2009), The Next 100 Years: A Forecast for the 21st Century, Random House, New York.
Holmqvist C. (2005), Private Security Companies. The Case for Regulation, SIPRI, Stockholm.
Huntington S. (1996), The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, Touchstone Rockefeller Center, New York.
Kaldor M. (2012), New and Old Wars: Organized Violence in a Global Era, Polity Press, Cambridge.
Kaldor M. (2013), In Defence of New Wars, “Stability: International Journal of Security and Development,” no. 2(1)(4).
Kosta R. (2011), Polityka militarna w doktrynie bezpieczeństwa współczesnego państwa – funkcjonowanie – cele – perspektywy, Wydawnictwo WCM, Opole.
Kostecki W. (2012), Strach i potęga. Bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe w XXI wieku, Wydawnictwo Poltext, Warszawa.
Layton P. (2015), Bringing the transnational into ‘new wars’: the case of Islamic state, “International Review of Social Research,” no. 5(3).
Levy J. (2007), International sources of interstate and intrastate war, in: Leashing the Dogs of War.
Conflict Management in a Divided World, eds. C. Crocker, F. Hampson, P. Aall, United States Institute of Peace Press, Washington.
Mansfield E., Snyder J. (2007), Turbulent Transitions, in: Leashing the Dogs of War. Conflict Management in a Divided World, eds. C. Crocker, F. Hampson, P. Aall, United States Institute of Peace Press, Washington.
McKenzie A. (2011), “New Wars” Fought “Amongst the People”: “Transformed” by Old Realities?, “Defence Studies,” vol. 11, no. 4.
Münkler H. (2005), The New Wars, Polity Press, Cambridge.
Münkler H. (2010), Old and New Wars, in: The Routledge Handbook of Security Studies, eds. M. Dunn Cavelty, V. Mauer, Routledge, London, pp. 191–194.
Rasmussen M. V. (2006), The Risk Society at War: Terror, Technology and Strategy in the Twenty-first Century, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Senese P., Vasquez J. (2008), The Steps to War: an Empirical Study, Princeton.
Shaw M. (2000), War and globality: the role and character of war in the global transition, in:, Peace and Conflict: A New Agenda, ed. J. Ho-Wong, Ashgate, Aldershot.
Smith H. (2005), On Clausewitz: A Study of Military and Political Ideas, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke.
Smith M. (2003), Guerrillas in the mist: Reassessing strategy and low intensity warfare, “Review of International Studies,” vol 29.
Smith R. (2005), The Utility of Force, Allen Lane, London.
Snow D. M. (1996), Uncivil Wars: International Security and the New Internal Conflicts, Lynne Rienner Publishers, London.
Toffler A., Toffler H. (1995), War and Anti-War: Making Sense of Today’s Global Chaos, Warner Books, New York.
Vasquez J. (2000), What Do We Know about War?, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Oxford.
Vasquez J., Henehan M. (2011), Territory, War, and Peace, Routledge, London.