Dlaczego młodzież tajwańska protestowała w 2014 roku? Powstanie protestów z perspektywy struktur mobilizacyjnych i wspólnych krzywd
PDF (English)

Słowa kluczowe

Tajwan
protest
mobilizacja
Rewolucja Słoneczników
poczucie niesprawiedliwości i złości

Jak cytować

Zamęcki, Łukasz, & Chen, W.-A. (2024). Dlaczego młodzież tajwańska protestowała w 2014 roku? Powstanie protestów z perspektywy struktur mobilizacyjnych i wspólnych krzywd. Przegląd Politologiczny, (2), 39–57. https://doi.org/10.14746/pp.2024.29.2.4

Abstrakt

Celem artykułu jest ponowne zbadanie przyczyn aktywizmu młodych ludzi na Tajwanie w 2014 roku, który doprowadził do powstania tzw. rewolucji słoneczników. Badanie opiera się na analizie danych zastanych oraz wywiadów przeprowadzonych przez autorów oraz w ramach Projektu „Daybreak Project”. Dodatkowo przeprowadzono analizę wpisów zamieszczanych w mediach społecznościowych podczas trwania protestów. Dane analizowano za pomocą modelu Berta Klandermansa dotyczącego przyczyn kolektywnej mobilizacji. Podażową stronę mobilizacji podzielono na rolę struktur mobilizacyjnych i apel polityczny. Stronę popytową analizowano poprzez: charakterystykę społeczno-polityczną uczestników; zakorzenienie społeczne; poczucie niesprawiedliwości i złości; identyfikację grupową. W artykule przyjęto założenie, że udział w protestach był efektem działania struktur mobilizacyjnych – studenckich kół dyskusyjnych oraz poczucia, że władze naruszają zasady sprawiedliwości procesowej – głównie w związku z procedowaniem umowy CSSTA.

https://doi.org/10.14746/pp.2024.29.2.4
PDF (English)

Bibliografia

Au A. (2017), The Sunflower Movement and the Taiwanese national identity: Building an anti-Sinoist civic nationalism, “Berkeley Journal of Sociology”, vol. 27.

Baron J. (2023), What Drives the Taiwanese Fighting in Ukraine?, “The Diplomat”, https://thediplomat.com/2023/05/what-drives-the-taiwanese-fighting-in-ukraine/, 1.06.2023.

Blanchard B. (2021), Taiwan’s Myanmar community denounces coup with defiant songs, “Reuters”, https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN2BD061/, 21.03.2021.

Brindle A. (2016), A corpus analysis of discursive constructions of the Sunflower Student Movement in the English-language Taiwanese press, “Discourse & Society”, vol. 27(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926515605957

Chen F. Y., Yen W. T. (2017), Who supports the sunflower movement? An examination of nationalist sentiments, “Journal of Asian and African Studies”, vol. 52(8). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909616645372

Chen K. H. (2018), Zhengzhixue xiangguan kexi daxuesheng canyu taiyanghua xueyun de zhuizong fenxi [Analysis on political-related major student participants in the Sunflower Student Movement], “Taiwan Democracy Quarterly”, vol. 15(2).

Chen W. (2014), Sheilai “xueyun”? Taiyanghua xueyun jingzuo canyuzhe de jiben renkou tuxiang [Who Will Come For The “Student Movement”? Basic Demographic Image Of Participants In The Sunflower Movement Sit-Ins], https://twstreetcorner.org/2014/06/30/chenwanchi-2/, 30.06.2014.

Chen W., Huang S. (2015), Lifayuan wai de chunna: Taiyanghua yundong jingzuozhe zhi renkou ji canyu tuxiang [Outcry Outside the Legislature: A Portrait of Sunflower Movement Sit-In Demonstrators], “Taiwanese Sociology”, vol. (30).

Chen W., Chang H., Huang S. (2016), Wangluo shehui yundong shidai de lailin? Taiyanghua yundong canyuzhe de renji liandai yu shequn meiti yinsu chutan [The Coming of Networked Social Movements? Social Ties and Social Media in the Sunflower Movement], “Journal of Social Sciences and Philosophy”, vol. 28(4).

Chen Y. (2016), Xuesheng lianshu shiyong yu zhengzhi canyu: Yi taiyanghua xueyun weili [Students’ Facebook Use and Political Participation: Sunflower Movement], “The Chinese Public Administration Review”, vol. 22(4).

Chigbu U. E. (2019), Visually Hypothesising in Scientific Paper Writing: Confirming and Refuting Qualitative Research Hypotheses Using Diagrams, “Publications”, vol. 7(1) 22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/publications7010022

Clark C., Tan A. (2016), Identity and Integration as Conflicting Forces Stimulating the Sunflower Movement and the Kuomintang’s Loss in the 2014 Elections, “Contemporary Chinese Political Economy and Strategic Relations: An International Journal”, vol. 2(1).

Daybreak Project (2017), https://daybreak.newbloommag.net/.

Economist Intelligence Unit (2023), Democracy Index 2022. Frontline democracy and the battle for Ukraine, EIU, London.

Hawang S. D. (2016), The Influence of the sunflower movement on the civic movement in Taiwan, “Studia z Polityki Publicznej”, vol. 12(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.33119/KSzPP.2016.4.5

Hioe B. (2017), Historical Background, “Daybreak Project”, https://daybreak.newbloommag.net/category/background/.

Ho M. S. (2019), Challenging Beijing’s Mandate of Heaven: Taiwan’s Sunflower Movement and Hong Kong’s Umbrella Movement, Temple University Press, Philadelphia.

Ho M. S. (2021), Fansongzhong yundong zai taiwan: Kangzhengxing jihui de fenxi [Anti-Extradition Movement in Taiwan: An Analysis of Contentious Gatherings], “Mainland China Studies”, vol. 64(2).

Ho M. S. (2015), Occupy congress in Taiwan: Political opportunity, threat, and the Sunflower Movement, “Journal of East Asian Studies”, vol. 15(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1598240800004173

Ho M. S. (2018), From mobilization to improvisation: The lessons from Taiwan’s 2014 sunflower movement, “Social Movement Studies”, vol. 17(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2017.1377603

Hsieh J. F. S. (2015), Taiwan in 2014: A besieged president amid political turmoil, “Asian Survey”, vol. 55(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2015.55.1.142

Hsu E. (2018), Jiemeng tuanjie yu fenqi: Bianqian zhong di taiwan sheyun zuzhi wanglu [Coalition, Solidarity, and Cleavage: The Transition of Taiwan Social Movement Organization Networks from 2012 to 2018], Master’s thesis. National Tsing Hua University.

Hsu E., Wu J., Lee T., Shih I. (2019), Women NGO: Taiyanghua yundong zhong di wangluo guanxi yu sheyun tuanjie [The Story of “We-NGO”: Explaining the Networks and Solidarity of the Sunflower Occupy Movement], “Taiwanese Sociology” vol. 38.

Hsu J. (2021), From martial law to Sunflower: the evolution of Taiwan’s student movement, “Asian Education and Development Studies”, vol. 10(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/AEDS-04-2018-0084

Jones B. C. (2017), Introduction: The Taiwan Sunflower Movement and the Hong Kong Umbrella Movement, in: Law and Politics of the Taiwan Sunflower and Hong Kong Umbrella Movements, ed. B. C. Jones, Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315575063

Kaeding M. P. (2015), Resisting Chinese influence: social movements in Hong Kong and Taiwan, “Current History”, vol. 114(773). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.2015.114.773.210

Klandermans B. (2002), The demand and supply of participation: social psychological correlates of participation in a social movement, “Psicologia Política”, vol. 2(3).

Kung L. (2016), 318 Xueyun daidong de meiti geming – jiajiaotuo yu iPad wanglu zhibo moshi de fansi [A Media Revolution Driven by 318 Student Movement: Reflecting on the Live Broadcasting Mode Established by Students with Flip-Flops and iPad], “Journal of Communication Research and Practice”, vol. 6(1).

Kwak J. (2022), Measuring and Analyzing Protest Potential From a Survey Data Recycling Framework, “American Behavioral Scientist”, vol. 66(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642211021626

Kwan J. P. (2016), The rise of civic nationalism: Shifting identities in Hong Kong and Taiwan, “Contemporary Chinese Political Economy and Strategic Relations: An International Journal”, vol. 2(2).

Lepesant T. (2022), Generational Consciousness and Political Mobilisation of Youth in Taiwan, “China Perspectives”, no 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/chinaperspectives.13373

Liu J. (2019), Cong xianshang dao xianxia? Lianshu yu daxuesheng taiyanghua xueyun canyu zhi yanjiu [From Online to Offline: University Students’ Participation in Sunflower Student Movement], “The Chinese Public Administration Review”, vol. 25(4).

Liu S., Su H. (2017), Zhengzhi kangyi shijian zhong meiti de chuangxin shiyong yu shijian: Yi taiyanghua yundong weili [Mediating the Sunflower Movement: Hybrid Media Networks in a Digital Age], “Journal of Cyber Culture and Information Society”, vol. (33).

NCCU (2023), Changes in the Unification – Independence Stances in the Taiwanese, https://esc.nccu.edu.tw/PageDoc/Detail?fid=7805&id=6962.

Pan S. R. (2015), Changing civil society and national identity after the Sunflower Movement, “Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences”, vol. 202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.08.200

Rowen I. (2015), Inside Taiwan’s Sunflower Movement: Twenty-four days in a student-occupied parliament, and the future of the region, “The Journal of Asian Studies”, vol. 74(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021911814002174

Schneider F. (2019), Digital Democracy in Taiwan: The Sunflower Movement and its Legacies, “Taiwan Fellowship Report”.

Shih H. C. (2013), Services Pact: TSU knocks cross-strait service trade agreement, https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2013/06/23/2003565441, 23.06.2023.

Stekelenburg J. van, Klandermans B. (2014), Fitting Demand and Supply: How Identification Brings Appeals and Motives Together, “Social Movement Studies”, vol. 13: 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2013.843448

Stekelenburg J. van, Klandermans B. (2013), The social psychology of protest, “Current Sociology”, vol. 61(5–6). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392113479314

TEDS (2015), Taiwan’s Election and Democratization Study, http://teds.nccu.edu.tw/teds_plan/.

Tanakasempipat P., Chow Y. (2020), Pro-democracy Milk Tea Alliance brews in Asia, “Reuters”, https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN25E0ZT/, 18.08.2020.

Themelis S., Hsu T. C. (2021), Democratizing politics and politicizing education: Critical pedagogy for active citizenship in the Taiwanese Sunflower Movement, “Education, Citizenship and Social Justice”, vol. 16(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1746197920915601

Tsai C., Chen L. (2015), Zhongguo yinsu huoshi gongmin bufucong: Cong dingqun zhuizong yangben tantao taiyanghua xueyun zhi minyi [China Factor or Civic Disobedience? Explaining Support for the Sunflower Movement with Panel Data], “Journal of Social Sciences and Philosophy”, vol. 27(4).

Tsatsou P. (2018), Social Media and Informal Organisation of Citizen Activism: Lessons From the Use of Facebook in the Sunflower Movement, “Social Media and Society”, vol. 4(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117751384

Wang A. H. E. (2020), Do social movements encourage young people to run for office? Evidence from the 2014 Sunflower Movement in Taiwan, “Journal of Asian and African Studies”, vol. 55(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909619880290

Weng P. (2021), Wanglu kongjian, xuni shequn yu 318 xueyun: Yi PTT yu ba guaban renqi fenxi weili [Cyberspace, Virtual Community and March 18 Student Movement: Take Numbers of PTT and Gossiping for Example], “Hwa Kang Geographical Journal”, vol. 33.

Yang M. (2014), Taiyanghua xueyunhou minzhu wenjuan xiaodiaocha: canyu xianchang dique dailai liao yixiangbudao de liliang [Post-Sunflower Student Movement Democracy Questionnaire: Participating in the scene indeed brought unexpected power], https://www.thenewslens.com/article/5401/fullpage, 13.07.2014.

Zamęcki Ł. (2018), Hong Kong Youth Radicalization from the Perspective of Relative Deprivation, “Contemporary Chinese Political Economy and Strategic Relations: An International Journal”, vol. 4(2).