Abstrakt
Publikowany tekst analizuje możliwości sformułowania normatywnej teorii demokracji, która stanowiłaby odpowiedź na krytykę formułowaną przez nurt realizmu politycznego wobec koncepcji idealistycznych. Autor przedstawia dwie propozycje, które mogą być uznane za spełniające wymogi realizmu politycznego: demokrację plebejską oraz polityki prefiguratywne. W celu oceny, na ile propozycje te odpowiadają na realistyczne zarzuty, autor koncentruje się na zagadnieniach związanych z legitymizacją polityczną, podziałem władzy oraz wyzwaniami wynikającymi z praktyk partycypacyjnych i deliberacyjnych.
Bibliografia
Achen, C. H., & Bartels, L. M. (2016). Democracy for Realists: Why Elections Do Not Produce Responsive Government. Princeton University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400882731
Ackerman, B. (1980). Social Justice in the Liberal State. Yale University Press.
Arlen, G., & Rossi, E. (2020). Must Realists Be Pessimists About Democracy? Responding to Epistemic and Oligarchic Challenges. Moral Philosophy and Politics. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/mopp-2019-0060
Bagg, S. (2021). Do we need an anti-oligarchic constitution? European Journal of Political Theory, 1474885121996281. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1474885121996281
Bartels, L. M. (2008). Unequal Democracy: The Political Economy of the New Gilded Age. Princeton University Press.
Boggs, C. (1977). Revolutionary process, political strategy, and the dilemma of power. Theory and Society, 4(3), 359–393. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00206985
Bonfert, B. (2024). The holism of prefigurative politics. Ephemera: Theory Politics in Organization, 24(1).
Breaugh, M. (2013). The Plebeian Experience: A Discontinuous History of Political Freedom. Columbia University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7312/brea15618
Breaugh, M. (2019). The plebeian experience and the logic of (radical) democracy. Constellations, 26(4), 581–590. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8675.12425
Breines, W. (1980). Community and Organization: The New Left and Michels’ “Iron Law.” Social Problems, 27(4), 419–429. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/800170
Brennan, J. (2016). Against democracy. Princeton University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400882939
Caplan, B. (2007). The Myth of the Rational Voter: Why Democracies Choose Bad Policies. Princeton University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400828821
du Plessis, E. M., & Husted, E. (2022). Five Challenges for Prefiguration Research: A Sympathetic Polemic. In L. Monticelli (Ed.), The Future Is Now: An Introduction to Prefigurative Politics (pp. 217–229). Bristol University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56687/9781529215687-021
Farrelly, C. (2007). Justice in Ideal Theory: A Refutation. Political Studies, 55(4), 844–864. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2007.00656.x
Frega, R. (2020). Democracy and the limits of political realism. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 23(4), 468–494. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2018.1479814
Galston, W. A. (2010). Realism in political theory. European Journal of Political Theory, 9(4), 385–411. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1474885110374001
Geuss, R. (2008). Philosophy and Real Politics. Princeton University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400835515
Gilens, M. (2012). Affluence and Influence: Economic Inequality and Political Power in America. Princeton University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400844821
Gilens, M., & Page, B. I. (2014). Testing Theories of American Politics: Elites, Interest Groups, and Average Citizens. Perspectives on Politics, 12(3), 564–581. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592714001595
Gordon, U. (2017). Prefigurative Politics between Ethical Practice and Absent Promise. Political Studies, 66(2), 521–537. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321717722363
Gourevitch, A. (2013). Labor Republicanism and the Transformation of Work. Political Theory, 41(4), 591–617. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591713485370
Green, J. E. (2013). Analysing legislative performance: a plebeian perspective. Democratization, 20(3), 417–437. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2013.786543
Green, J. E. (2016). The Shadow of Unfairness: A Plebeian Theory of Liberal Democracy. Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190215903.001.0001
Green, J. E. (2017). Has Inequality Led to a Crisis for Liberalism? Current History, 116(793), 320–323. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.2017.116.793.320
Habermas, J. (1996). Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy. MIT Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/1564.001.0001
Hall, E. (2015). How to do realistic political theory (and why you might want to). European Journal of Political Theory, 16(3), 283–303. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1474885115577820
Lenz, G. S. (2012). Follow the Leader? How Voters Respond to Politicians’ Policies and Performance. University of Chicago Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226472157.001.0001
List, C., & Valentini, L. (2016). The Methodology of Political Theory. In H. Cappelen, G. T. Szabó, J. Hawthorne (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Philosophical Methodology. Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199668779.013.10
McCormick, J. P. (2011). Machiavellian Democracy. Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511975325
Mills, C. W. (2005). “Ideal Theory” as Ideology. Hypatia, 20(3), 165–184. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/hyp.2005.0107
Mitchell, R. E. (2005). The Definition of patres and plebs: An End to the Struggle of the Orders. In Social Struggles in Archaic Rome (pp. 128–167). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470752753.ch6
Mulvad, A. M., & Stahl, R. M. (2019). Civilizing left populism: Towards a theory of plebeian democracy. Constellations, 26(4), 591–606. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8675.12458
Newey, G. (2001). After Politics: The Rejection of Politics in Contemporary Liberal Philosophy. Palgrave. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780333977873
O’Shea, T. (2019). Socialist Republicanism. Political Theory, 48(5), 548–572. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591719876889
Philp, M. (2010). What is to be done? Political theory and political realism. European Journal of Political Theory, 9(4), 466–484. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1474885110374010
Philp, M. (2012). Realism without Illusions. Political Theory, 40(5), 629–649. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591712451723
Pietrzyk-Reeves, D. (2017). Normative Political Theory. Teoria Polityki, 1. https://www.ejournals.eu/TP/2017/Nr-1/art/9158/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.4467/00000000TP.17.009.6588
Raekstad, P. (2018a). Realism, Utopianism, and Radical Values. European Journal of Philosophy, 26(1), 145–168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.12193
Raekstad, P. (2018b). Revolutionary practice and prefigurative politics: A clarification and defense. Constellations, 25(3), 359–372. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8675.12319
Raekstad, P., & Gradin, S. S. (2019). Prefigurative Politics: Building Tomorrow Today. Polity Press.
Rawls, J. (1999a). A Theory of Justice. Harvard University Press.
Rawls, J. (1999b). The Law of Peoples. Harvard University Press.
Reybrouck, D. Van. (2016). Against Elections: The Case for Democracy. The Bodley Head.
Rossi, E. (2012). Justice, legitimacy and (normative) authority for political realists. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 15(2), 149–164. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2012.651016
Rossi, E. (2015). Can Realism Move Beyond a Methodenstreit? Political Theory, 44(3), 410–420. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591715621507
Rossi, E. (2019). Being realistic and demanding the impossible. Constellations, 26(4), 638–652. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8675.12446
Rossi, E., & Sleat, M. (2014). Realism in normative political theory. Philosophy Compass, 9(10). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12148
Runciman, D. (2012). What Is Realistic Political Philosophy? Metaphilosophy, 43(1–2), 58–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9973.2011.01730.x
Sen, A. (2006). What Do We Want from a Theory of Justice? The Journal of Philosophy, 103(5), 215–238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/jphil2006103517
Silver, D. (2018). Everyday Radicalism and the Democratic Imagination: Dissensus, Rebellion and Utopia. Politics and Governance, 6(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v6i1.1213
Sleat, M. (2011). Liberal Realism: A Liberal Response to the Realist Critique. The Review of Politics, 73(3), 469–496. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0034670511003457
Sleat, M. (2013). Coercing non-liberal persons: Considerations on a more realistic liberalism. European Journal of Political Theory, 12(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1474885112471296
Smucker, J. M. (2014). Can prefigurative politics replace political strategy? Berkeley Journal of Sociology, 58, 74–82.
Somin, I. (2013). Democracy and Political Ignorance: Why Smaller Government Is Smarter. Stanford University Press.
Törnberg, A. (2021). Prefigurative politics and social change: a typology drawing on transition studies. Distinktion: Journal of Social Theory, 1–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1600910X.2020.1856161
Urbinati, N. (2011). Democratic or Popular? The Good Society, 20(2), 157–169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/gso.2011.0011
Valentini, L. (2012). Ideal vs. Non-ideal Theory: A Conceptual Map. Philosophy Compass, 7(9), 654–664. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-9991.2012.00500.x
Vergara, C. (2020a). Systemic Corruption: Constitutional Ideas for an Anti-Oligarchic Republic. Princeton University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691207537.001.0001
Vergara, C. (2020b). Populism as Plebeian Politics: Inequality, Domination, and Popular Empowerment. Journal of Political Philosophy, 28(2), 222–246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jopp.12203
White, S. (2011). The Republican critique of capitalism. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 14(5), 561–579. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2011.617119
Williams, B. A. O. (2005). In the Beginning Was the Deed: Realism and Moralism in Political Argument. Princeton University Press.
Yates, L. (2015). Rethinking Prefiguration: Alternatives, Micropolitics and Goals in Social Movements. Social Movement Studies, 14(1), 1–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2013.870883
Licencja
Prawa autorskie (c) 2026 Łukasz Dulęba
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Na tych samych warunkach 4.0 Miedzynarodowe.