Abstract
The subject of the paper is the cooperation of the United States with Kenya in the area of security in the second decade of the 21st century. The introduction contains the methodological assumptions of the paper and a synthetic historical background. The first section of the paper covers the theoretical framework. The second section outlines the increase of the United States’ strategic involvement in Africa, including East Africa, in the 21st century. The third section discusses the joint efforts of the US and Kenya in combating terrorism and piracy. The fourth section is devoted to US training and development assistance for the Kenyan security sector. The considerations are carried out within the framework of the postcolonial current of the theory of international relations. During the research, the method of analyzing text sources was used. The main thesis of the paper assumes that although Africa, including Kenya, was not a particularly important area of strategic interest of the United States, these countries had significant common security interests and undertook cooperation to implement them. First of all, it concerned counteracting international terrorism, but also the general stabilization of East Africa. In the future, the importance of East Africa in American politics might systematically increase, both in the area of economy and security, which will entail further strengthening of cooperation between the US and Kenya.
References
Aaltola M., Käpylä J., Vuorisalo V. (2016), The Challenge of Global Commons and Flows for US Power. The Perils of Missing the Human Domain, Routledge, London–New York.
Aaronson M. (2014), Interventionism in US foreign policy from Bush to Obama, in: Obama’s foreign policy. Ending the War on Terror, eds. M. Bentley, J. Holland, Routledge, London–New York.
Acharya A., Buzan B. (2017), Why is there no Non-Western International Relations Theory? Ten years on, “International Relations of the Asia-Pacific”, vol. 17.
Adar K. G. (1995), Kenya-US Relations: A Recapitulation of the Patterns of Paradigmatic Conceptualization, 1960s–1990s, in: The United States and Africa: From Independence to the End of the Cold War, eds. M. Munene, J. D. O. Nyunya, K. G. Adar, East African Educational Publishers Ltd., Nairobi.
Apeldoorn B. van, Graaff N. de (2016), American Grand Strategy and Corporate Elite Networks. The Open Door since the end of the Cold War, Routledge, London–New York.
Ayoob M. (1995), The Third World Security Predicament: State Making, Regional Conflict, and the International System, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder.
Ayoob M. (2002), Inequality and Theorizing in International Relations: The Case for Subaltern Realizm, “International Studies Review”, vol. 4, no. 3.
Bahri D. About Postcolonial Studies, ScholarBlogs, https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/about-postcolonial-studies/, 11.10.2020.
Barkawi T., Laffey M. (2006), The postcolonial moment in security studies, “Review of International Studies”, vol. 32.
Cameron F. (2005), US Foreign Policy after the Cold War. Global hegemon or reluctant sheriff? Second edition, Routledge, London–New York.
Chau D. C. (2010), Global Security Watch-Kenya, PRAEGER, Santa Barbara.
Cheng A. (2018), Will Djibouti Become Latest Country to Fall Into China’s Debt Trap?, “Foreign Policy”, https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/07/31/will-djibouti-become-latest-country-to-fall-into-chinas-debt-trap/, 15.10.2020.
Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook. Kenya, CIA, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ke.html, 11.10.2020.
Czaputowicz J. (2012), Bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe: współczesne koncepcje, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2012.
David S. (2016), Obama: the reluctant realist, in: US Foreign Policy and Global Standing in the 21st Century. Realities and perceptions, eds. E. Inbar, J. Rynhold, Routledge, London–New York.
Felter C., Masters J., Sergie M. A. (2020), Al-Shabab, Council on Foreign Relations, https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab, 15.10.2020.
Friedman B. H. (2009), Perception and power in counterterrorism: assessing the American response to Al Qaeda before September 11, in: American Foreign Policy and the Politics of Fear Threat inflation since 9/11, eds. A. T. Thrall, J. K. Cramer, Routledge, London–New York.
Fuller Ch. (2017), The assassin in chief: Obama’s drone legacy, in: The Obama Doctrine. A legacy of continuity in US foreign policy?, eds. M. Bentley, J. Holland, Routledge, London–New York.
Gardner H. (2016), American Global Strategy and the “War on Terrorism”, Routledge, London–New York.
Hansen B. (2011), Unipolarity and World Politics. A theory and its implications, Routledge, London–New York.
Holland J. (2017), Obama as modern Jeffersonian, in: The Obama Doctrine. A legacy of continuity in US foreign policy?, eds. M. Bentley, J. Holland, Routledge, London–New York.
Joint Statement from President Donald J. Trump and President Uhuru Kenyatta (2018), The White House, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/joint-statement-president-donald-j-trump-president-uhuru-kenyatta/, 15.10.2020.
Kelley K. J. (2019), Kenya among our strongest world partners, US official says, “Nation”, https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Kenya-US-relations-up-a-new-level/1056-5105224-10i6ibxz/index.html, 18.10.2020.
Kenya – US Relations, GlobalSecurity, https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/kenya/forrel-us.htm, 15.10.2020.
Kieh G. K. Jr. (2014), The Obama administration’s policy toward Africa, in: Obama and the World. New directions in US foreign policy. Second edition, eds. I. Parmar, L. B. Miller, M. Ledwidge, Routledge, London–New York.
Kienscherf M. (2013), US Domestic and International Regimes of Security. Pacifying the globe, securing the homeland, Routledge, London–New York.
Kiplagat S. (2019), Kenya and U.S. Make Joint Pledge to ‘Degrade’ Al-Shabaab, “All Africa”, https://allafrica.com/stories/201905090607.html, 18.10.2020.
Maruf H. (2020), Al-Shabab Attacks Killed 4,000 in Past Decade, Says Data-Gathering Group, VOA, https://www.voanews.com/africa/al-shabab-attacks-killed-4000-past-decade-says-data-gathering-group, 18.10.2020.
Meleagrou-Hitchens A. (2015), Terrorist Tug-of-War. ISIS and al Qaeda Struggle for al Shabab’s Soul, “Foreign Affairs”, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/kenya/2015-10-08/terrorist-tug-war, 15.10.2020.
Muluvi A., Odhiambo P., Otieno M. (2015), Deepening Kenya-U.S. relations: Prospects for President Obama’s visit to Kenya, Brookings.edu, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2015/07/24/deepening-kenya-u-s-relations-prospects-for-president-obamas-visit-to-kenya/, 18.10.2020.
Mutambo A. (2020), Kenya seeks to forge close security ties with US, “Nation”, https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Kenya-seeks-to-forge-close-security-ties-with-US/1056-5103438-c4klptz/index.html, 18.10.2020.
Pagel Ch. (2009), Obama Ghana Speech: FULL TEXT, HuffPost, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/obama-ghana-speech-full-t_n_230009?guccounter=1, 15.10.2020.
Patman R. G. (2016), Globalization, the Post-Cold War Era, and Visions of US Leadership, in: The Bush Leadership, the Power of Ideas, and the War on Terror, eds. D. B. Macdonald, D. Nabers, R. G. Patman, Routledge, London–New York.
Polus A. (2014), Postkolonialna teoria stosunków międzynarodowych, in: Stosunki Międzynarodowe. Wokół zagadnień teoretycznych, ed. K. Kącka, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, Toruń.
Specialist in African Affairs (2015), Congressional Research Service Report. U.S.-Kenya Relations: Current Political and Security Issues, EveryCRSReport, https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/20150723_R42967_5dddfa027dbd8d43e3f4b090e7904236fdffe1d7.pdf, 11.10.2020.
Taylor W. A. (2017), US national security strategy and threats, in: The Future of US Warfare, eds. S. N. Romaniuk, F. Grice, Routledge, London–New York.
The Economist (2015), The Kenyan army is accused of running a sugar-smuggling racket with Somali terrorists, “The Economist”, https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2015/11/23/the-kenyan-army-is-accused-of-running-a-sugar-smuggling-racket-with-somali-terrorists, 18.10.2020.
United States Agency for International Development (2020), Food Assistance Fact Sheet Kenya, USAID, https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1866/FFP_Fact_Sheet_Kenya.pdf, 15.10.2020.
U.S. Relations With Kenya, US Department of State, https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-kenya/, 15.10.2020.