Abstrakt
Tematem publikacji jest rola kobiet muzułmańskich w życiu politycznym i społecznym. Przedstawione zostały pierwsze kobiety w islamie, które odegrały ważną rolę w polityce. Na przykładzie wybranych krajów muzułmańskich opisano obecność kobiet w rządach tych krajów i stopień ich zaangażowania w politykę. Omówione zostały czynniki, które wpływają na wzrost roli kobiet na arenie politycznej oraz te, które ograniczają ich udział w życiu politycznym i społecznym. W artykule znajduje się odpowiedź na pytanie, czy wysoki wskaźnik PKB ma wpływ na zaangażowanie kobiet w życie społeczne i polityczne.
Bibliografia
Abu Al-Samh A., Tawakkul Karman, http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20111010/Con20111010450199.htm, as of 10.10.2011.
Abu Faris A. M. (Hquq al-maraa al-madaniya we al-syasya fi al-islam), Civil and political right of women in Islam, Amman 2000.
Abu Jbrail N. (Hal min laiha nisaiya fi al-intihabat al-muqbila? al-kota al-nisaiya wajib ala al-dawla we haq lilmaraa), Does the list of women running for parliamentary election exist? Quota of women – the duty of the state and rights of women, http://www.ounousa.com/mashahir%20w%20akhbar/womenelection.htm, as of 12.09.2011.
Adad qeyasi li al-nisaa dehelne al-barlaman al-turki we kurdiya tefuz min al-sijin (2007), A record numer of women to enter Turkish Parliament including a Kurdish woman from prison, „Al.-Anbaa”, no. 12812, 26.07.2007, http://www.alanba.com.kw/AbsoluteNMNEW/templates/international2010.aspx?articleid=14406&zoneid=13&m=0, as of 14.09.2014.
Adnan N. (Al-taalim fi Bakistan) (2009), Education in Pakistan, „Almarefh”, no. 102, May, http://www.almarefh.org/news. php? action= show&id=2304, as of 01.10.2011.
Al-Ajlani SH. (Hal al-rajul al-suri bihaja lidwrat litahsin islubahu fi al-taamul maa al-maraa), Does a Syrian man need training to improve his attitude towards women, http://www.c-we.org/ar/show.art.asp?aid=38852, as of 04.10.2011.
AL-Dihem S. B. M. (Al-din we al-dawla. fi al-tajreeba al-turkiya), Religion and state in Turkish experience, http://islamtoday.net/nawafeth/artshow-41-147547.htm, as of 08.09.2011.
Al-Harif B. (Al-Malak Abdullah yehtar 150 idwan beynihim 30 imraa fi majlis al-shura) (2013), King Abdullah designated to The Consultative Assembly 150 members including 30 women, “Asharq Al-Awsat”, nr 12464, 12.01.2013, http://www.aawsat.com/details.asp?section=4&article=712751&issueno=12464#.UXBUukrk1qA.
Al-Hayali R. K. (Al-Islam we hiquq al-maraa al-syasya) (2000), Islam and political rights of women, Tanta.
Al-Khathlan M. S. (Al-maraa we al-syasa) (2007), Woman vs. politics, Rijad.
Al-Kurdi A. (Ahmiyet dawr al-maraa fi al-tanmiya al-syasya), The role of women in political development, http://kenanaonline.com/users/ahmedkordy/topics/68023/posts/124871, as of 18.09.2011.
Al-Madani A. (Nizam al-kota al-nisaiya asyawiyan), Asian quota system for women, http://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=34467,as of 15.09.2011.
Al-Sahil T., Al-Rashid N. (Al-Malak Abd Allah yudhal al-Maraa majlis al-shura) (2011), King Abd Allah allows women to enter the Advisory Council, “Asharq Al-Awsat”, no. 11990, 26.09.2011, http://www.aawsat.com/details.asp?section=1&issueno=11990&article=642197.
Al-sijin asher senewat li nashita kurdiya Bi tuhmet alaqatiha Bi hizib al-umal, 10 year in prison for a Kurdish activist accused of connections with PKK, http://www.aljazeera.net/news/archive/archive?ArchiveId=1163254, as of 02.10.2011.
Ambreen N. (Al-maraa al-bakistaniya fi al-madina we al-rif), Pakistani woman in the city and in the province, http://www.almarefh.org/news.php?action=show&id=2306, as of 19.09.2011.
Azizi Y. (Dawr al-maraa al-iraniya fi al-tatawerat al-ijtimaiya we al-syasya), The role of Iranian women in social and political life, http://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=22482, as of 13.10.2014.
Pakistani Leaders online Bakhtiar Nilofar, http://www.pakistanileaders.com.pk/profile/Nilofar_Bakhtiar, as of 28.10.2013.
Based on individual observation:
Bayumi L. (Al-dawr al-syasi lilmaraa Beyn al-manih we al-manaa), Political role of women. Permissions or prohibitions?, http://www.islamtoday.net/nawafeth/artshow-45-2784.htm, as of 15.10.2011.
Dawr al-mraa fi tenmiyet al-mujtamaa, The role of women in the development of the society, http://www.isesco.org.ma/arabe/publications/taaliminath/P5.php, as of 04.10.2011.
Ferid A. (al-maraa fi mujtamaaina ila ain?), Where is woman in our socjety heading for?, http://www.balagh.com/woman/trbiah/zh02b11l.htm, as of 14.10.2011.
Haddad K. (Al-maraa we al-amal al-syasi) (2001), Woman and political work, Damascus.
Head J., Turkey election: Leyla Zana eyes Kurdish comeback, „bbc news”, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-13698915, as of 09.09.2011.
Jalal Z., The Federal Education Minister, http://www.sachet.org.pk/web/page.asp?id=615, as of 28.10.2015.
Khan S. (Al-maraa al-bakistaniya leha mekana hassa biha), Pakistani woman has a special place for herself, http://www.commongroundnews.org/article.php?id=28899&lan=ar&sid=1&sp=0, as of 20.09.2013.
Kiebała M., Woman in Turkish law, http://www.politykaglobalna.pl/2009/03/kobieta-w-prawietureckim/, as of 08.09.2014.
Qanna K. (Mushareket al-maraa fi al-hayat al-syasya), The participation of women in political life, Al Jazeera Channel, http://www.aljazeera.net/channel/archive/archive?ArchiveId=90442, 25/02/2002.
Quran (1986), Surah 4-Women, verse 15, translation: J. Bielawski, Warsaw.
Quran (1986), Surah 4-Women, verse 34, translation: J. Bielawski, Warsaw.
Rafsanjani H. F. (Dawr al-maraa al-iraniya), Role of Iranian women, http://www.albainah.net/index.aspx?function= Item&id=1340&lang=, as of 09.09.2011.
Redman T. M. Q. (Al-kota ahed wesail rafaa mistawa tamseel al-maraa fi al-sulta al-tashreeiya fi al-yamen we al-duwal al-arabiya), Quota – one of the ways to increase the participation of women in law-making in Yemen and Arabic countries, http://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=194545, as of 12.10.2011.
Salha S. (Al-nisaa fi turkiya), Women in Turkey, http://israelkurd.com/ar/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=745:2011-04-20-20-25-39&catid=37:2010-05-14-12-48-37, as of 01.08.2015.
Shaaban B. (Al-maraa fi al-syasa we al-mujtamaa) (2008), Woman in politics and society, Damascus.
The Nobel Peace Prize 2014, Nobelprize.org, The Official Website of the Nobel Prize, http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2014/, accessed 19.06.2015.
Yugonso C. (Al-maraa al-Turkiya), Turkish woman, „Al-bilad”, http://209.235.200.201/~albiladp/ column_inner.php?wid=2989&colid=656, as of 26.09.2014.
Zaid H. (Indama tahkoom al-nisaa al-alam), When do women govern the world?, http://www.maghress.com/almassae/8306 as of 18.09.2013.
Zaydan A. (Bakistan we hukom al-ailat), Pakistan and family rule, http://www.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/ED11EC29-DED2-478F-A04B-2A7BBFD073D2.htm, as of 01.10.2015.