Słowa kluczowe
startegie arktyczne
Szwecja wobec NATO
Finalndia wobec NATO
„wyjątkowość” Arktyki
Jak cytować
Abstrakt
Od zakończenia Zimnej Wojny Arktyka nader często przedstawiana była jako symbol modelowej współpracy. Poszczególne państwa gotowe były do szerokiej kooperacji mimo sporów w innych obszarach. Region ten zwyczajowo postrzegany był zatem jako obszar o niewielkim potencjale konfliktowym. Współpraca między państwami, które silnie konkurowały ze sobą w innych wymiarach, była tak unikalna, że niemal powszechnie uznawano „wyjątkowość Arktyki” (Arctic exceptionalism).
Artykuł bada zaktualizowane strategie arktyczne państw bezpośrednio zaangażowanych w tym regionie. Analizuje zmiany na przestrzeni ostatnich kilku lat, które w większości były konsekwencją agresywnych działań Rosji (już od 2014 roku) i silnej militaryzacji regionu. Artykuł omawia zainicjowany proces przystąpienia Szwecji i Finlandii do NATO i konsekwencje tej historycznej zmiany dla regionu. Wreszcie, analizuje decyzje podjęte przez szereg organizacji arktycznych o wykluczeniu, zamrożeniu lub „wstrzymaniu” relacji z Rosją w konsekwencji ataku na Ukrainę z 24 lutego 2022 roku. W konsekwencji, rodzi to pytania o to, czy Arktyka może być zarządzana bez Rosji i czy przyjęte środki mogą być skuteczne.
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Licencja
Prawa autorskie (c) 2022 Tomasz Brańka
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