Historyczny rozwój badań nad cyberbezpieczeństwem: przegląd literatury i jego miejsce w studiach nad bezpieczeństwem
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cyberbezpieczeństwo
studia nad cyberbezpieczeństwem
studia nad bezpieczeństwem
stosunki międzynarodowe
podejście wieloaspektowe

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Tarhan, K. (2022). Historyczny rozwój badań nad cyberbezpieczeństwem: przegląd literatury i jego miejsce w studiach nad bezpieczeństwem. Przegląd Strategiczny, (15), 393–414. https://doi.org/10.14746/ps.2022.1.23

Abstrakt

W niniejszym opracowaniu omówiono powstawanie i rozwój studiów nad cyberbezpieczeństwem od momentu powstania Internetu. Chociaż początki studiów nad cyberbezpieczeństwem sięgają lat 70tych dwudziestego wieku, hakerstwo, złośliwe oprogramowanie, włamania do komputerów i ataki szpiegowskie, które miały miejsce w latach 80tych, doprowadziły do ukształtowania się cyberbezpieczeństwa w obszarze informatyki. W latach 90tych internet zaczął być powszechnie wykorzystywany i wzrosła ilość ataków w cyberprzestrzeni. Okres ten był głównym powodem wzrostu zainteresowania bezpieczeństwem oprogramowania i sieci. Bezpieczeństwo sieci stało się kluczowym priorytetem dla rządów i wielu branż. Wraz z rosnącą złożonością cyberzagrożeń w 21 wieku studia nad cyberbezpieczeństwem stały się priorytetowym obszarem w studiach nad bezpieczeństwem. Państwa i niektóre organizacje ponadnarodowe zaczęły tworzyć strategie bezpieczeństwa cybernetycznego. Bezpieczeństwo infrastruktury krytycznej i sieci komputerowych zaczęło wyłaniać się jako obszar o wysokim priorytecie. Zaobserwowano, że rozpoczęło się przejście od klasycznych do nowoczesnych polityk bezpieczeństwa, które powinny być tworzone w erze informacji. Studia nad bezpieczeństwem cybernetycznym były traktowane poważniej po atakach estońskich z 2007 roku, zwłaszcza w drugiej dekadzie 21 wieku. Obecnie intensywność ataków na infrastrukturę krytyczną oraz wystąpienie niektórych ataków fizycznych powodują, że problem cyberbezpieczeństwa pogłębia się i staje się problemem w skali międzynarodowej. Studia nad cyberbezpieczeństwem nadal są kształtowane przez wpływ nie jednej, lecz wielu różnych dyscyplin, także dzięki ważnym dyskusjom i incydentom cybernetycznym, które miały miejsce w ostatnich latach. Dlatego też badania prowadzono z perspektywy multidyscyplinarnej.

https://doi.org/10.14746/ps.2022.1.23
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