Energy Security Policy in the European Union – the Example of Spain. Development of Renewable Energy – Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts in Galicia

Abstract

Energy security remains a multifaceted and dynamic concept influenced by a variety of factors, including geopolitical developments, technological advances, and environmental considerations. The field continues to evolve, addressing new challenges and striving to balance competing objectives for a resilient and sustainable energy future. Traditional approaches to state security usually focus on military, political, economic, social, and environmental threats. The analysis of offshore wind energy technology, particularly floating wind farms, presents critical insights into how this sector can stimulate economic growth, enhance local employment opportunities, and foster sustainable community development. The exploration of Spain’s ambitious energy goals, in the context of its National Integrated Energy and Climate Plan, highlights the economic strategies employed to transition toward a sustainable energy model. The development of offshore wind energy in Spain reflects a commitment to increasing renewable energy production while considering the potential impacts on local communities, marine transportation and navigation in the territory. Spain‘s ambitious goals include generating 48% of its energy consumption from renewable sources by 2030, alongside a significant push for offshore wind capacity with plans to install 3,000 megawatts of floating wind capacity, Spain has a target to become a leader in this sector. However, managing offshore wind projects requires careful planning to mitigate disruptions to submarine noise and marine ecosystems considering locations fo wind resource, permissions, technical knowledge and strategical structures. Proposed allocations from wind farm revenues include funding for community projects, support for the investments in sustainable infrastructure. Offshore wind energy can contribute significantly to environmental sustainability while fostering socioeconomic development, promoting a balanced approach to renewable energy initiatives with an attractive financial plan.