The Collapse of the SVD Togo Mission (1914-1921)
PDF (English)

Słowa kluczowe

misja werbistowska w Togo
kolonializm
I wojna światowa 1914-1918
wydalenie i internowanie
Traktat wersalski
los misjonarzy

Jak cytować

Miotk, A. (2016). The Collapse of the SVD Togo Mission (1914-1921). Annales Missiologici Posnanienses, 21, 117–148. https://doi.org/10.14746/amp.2016.21.7

Liczba wyświetleń: 531


Liczba pobrań: 305

Abstrakt

This case-study is a study of the three stages of “The Collapse of the SVD Togo Mission (1914-1921)”: the Anglo-French Occupation (1914-1917); the Expulsion and Internment of the SVD Missionaries (1917-1918) and the Definitive Loss of the SVD Togo Mission (1918-1921). The investigation, based on archival sources of the SVD Generalate Archives in Rome (AG SVD) traced the unfolding of events within the international efforts to save the mission in the thriving Protectorate of Togo. The collapse of the SVD Togo Mission driven by rampant nationalism was brought about by the expulsion of its 53 missionaries in seven groups within three months. Even if the expelled German missionaries were pervaded by a deep spirit of patriotism, they were first and foremost religiously motivated men. In the end, they wound up as victims of the political entanglements. The Treaty of Versailles deprived the missions of significant apostolic forces. More than 1,000 German missionaries, including 130 Divine Word Missionaries, were thus excluded from mission territories as victims of political calculations. The SVD missionaries were released from internment within the year due to the urgent actions of their Superior General, Fr. Nikolaus Blum. They accepted the course of events in a truly apostolic spirit and received new assignments, mainly to the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia).

https://doi.org/10.14746/amp.2016.21.7
PDF (English)

Bibliografia

AG SVD 27 [a] (1909-1920): Bro. Alcuin to Superior General, 12 May 1919.

AG SVD 27 [b] (1909-1920): Bro. Alcuin to Superior General, 21 Oct 1919.

AG SVD 27 [c] (1909-1920): Bro. Damasus to Superior General, 21April 1918.

AG SVD 27 [d] (1909-1920): Bro. Johannes Hopfer to Superior General from the Isle of Man, 15 March 1918.

AG SVD 27 [e] (1909-1920): Bro. Leopold Schacht to Superior General, 18 March 1919.

AG SVD 27 [f] (1909-1920): Bro. Willibrord Adolphi to Superior General from the Isle of Man, 9 June 1918.

AG SVD 27 [g] (1909-1920): Fr. August Gehring to Superior General, 6 June 1918.

AG SVD 27 [h] (1909-1920): Fr. Christian Lorscheid to Superior General from Bühlingen, 1 April 1918.

AG SVD 27 [i] (1909-1920): Fr. Christian Lorscheid to Superior General, 30 May 1919.

AG SVD 27 [j] (1909-1920): Fr. Eduard Breitkopf to Superior General from Kpandu, 26 Jan. 1917.

AG SVD 27 [k] (1909-1920): Fr. Eduard Ihle to Superior General from Bad Driburg, 15 April 1918.

AG SVD 27 [l] (1909-1920): Fr. Franciscus Dorn to Superior General from Island of Man, 27 March 1918.

AG SVD 27 [m] (1909-1920): Fr. Franz Eickmann to Superior General, 19 Nov. and 8 Dec. 1920.

AG SVD 27 [n] (1909-1920): Fr. Franz Tetzlaff to Superior General from Regensburg, 4 Dec. 1920.

AG SVD 27 [o] (1909-1920): Fr. Heinrich Demond to Superior General, 28 March 1917.

AG SVD 27 [p] (1909-1920): Fr. Heinrich Etscheid to Superior General from London, 19 Dec. 1917.

AG SVD 27 [q] (1909-1920): Fr. Henricus Leven to Superior General, 1 Jan. 1918.

AG SVD 27 [r] (1909-1920): Fr. Henricus Leven to Superior General, 13 April 1918.

AG SVD 27 [s] (1909-1920): Fr. Henricus Leven to Superior General, 15 May 1918.

AG SVD 27 [t] (1909-1920): Fr. Hermann Feldmann to Superior General, 2 June and 1 Dec. 1918.

AG SVD 27 [u] (1909-1920): Fr. Hermann Hellinge to Superior General, 9. Jan. 1919.

AG SVD 27 [v] (1909-1920): Fr. Joseph Lambert to Superior General from Togo, 27 Jan. 1916.

AG SVD 27 [w] (1909-1920): Fr. Karl Wolf to Superior General from Atakampé, 28 March 1917.

AG SVD 27 [x] (1909-1920): Fr. Paul Arndt to Superior General from Alexandria Palace, 5. Jan. 1918.

AG SVD 27 [y] (1909-1920): Karl Stangier to Superior General from Drolshagen, 28 Oct. 1920.

AG SVD 27 [z] (1909-1920): Letter of 30 Jan. 1917.

AG SVD 903 [a]: Regio Togonesis (1917-1955): Henricus Leven, Bericht über die Fortführung der Missionare aus Togo, Westafrika (Report on the deportation of the missionaries from Togo West-Africa).

AG SVD 903 [b]: Regio Togonesis (1913-1915): Notschrei der katholischen Missionen an die christliche Mächte, pp. 2500-1502.

AG SVD 903 [c]: Regio Togonesis (1917-1955) 2640-2643. Conférence des Supérieurs des Congrégations allemandes des Missions étrangères, tenue à Dusseldorf le 23 Juillet 1919.

AG SVD 903 [d]: Regio Togonesis (1917-1955): Blum to Card. Bourne, 1 Jan. 1918.

AG SVD 903 [e]: Regio Togonesis (1917-1955): Blum to Card. Bourne, 22 Dec. 1917.

AG SVD 903 [f]: Regio Togonesis (1917-1955): Blum to Colonial Office, 15 Jan. 1918.

AG SVD 903 [g]: Regio Togonesis (1917-1955): Blum to Nolens, 8 Sept. 1919.

AG SVD 903 [h]: Regio Togonesis (1917-1955): Blum to Pacelli, 15 Jan. 1918.

AG SVD 903 [i]: Regio Togonesis (1917-1955): Blum to the Colonial Office in Berlin, 17 August. 1918.

AG SVD 903 [j]: Regio Togonesis (1917-1955): Blum to Witte, 28 Jan. 1919.

AG SVD 903 [k]: Regio Togonesis (1917-1955): Bodems to Duret, Superieur Général SMA, Steyl 14 Jan. 1920.

AG SVD 903 [l]: Regio Togonesis (1917-1955): Bodems to Hummel, Cape Coast, 21 Jan. 1929.

AG SVD 903 [m]: Regio Togonesis (1917-1955): Card. Bourne to Bodems, 2640-2643.

AG SVD 903 [n]: Regio Togonesis (1917-1955): Hummel to Blum, Cape Coast Castle, 9 Oct. 1918.

AG SVD 903 [o]: Regio Togonesis (1917-1955): Pacelli to Blum, 9 March 1918.

AG SVD 903 [p]: Regio Togonesis: Fr. N. Schönig, Zum 20-jährigen Bestand der katholischen Mission in Togo.

Basten, Jacobus. Memoirs and Experiences of an Old African. 2 vol. [460 pp.] From the Letters of African Missionaries [242 pp.]. In: Togo-Memoire AG SVD, Rome, 45.532-45.534.

Alt, Josef 2002. “Journey in Faith. The Missionary Life of Arnold Janssen.” Analecta SVD 35: 620-651.

„Die Apostolische Präfektur Togo in Westafrika (1892- 1900).” Die Missionsgesellschaft von Steyl in den Jahren 1875-1900. Steyl: Missionsdruckerei. 377-419.

Bornemann, Fritz. 1975. Arnold Janssen, Founder of the three missionary congregations 1837-1909. A Biography. Rome: Apud Collegium Verbi Divini.

Bornemann, Fritz. 1981. A History of Our Society. [Analecta SVD 54/1]. Romae.

Bornemann, Fritz. Missionsbrüder draussen und daheim. Ed. Fritz Bornemann. [Analecta SVD 34]. 17-62.

Chappell, Connery. 2005. Island of Barbed Wire: The Remarkable Story of the World War Two Internment on the Isle of Man. London: Robert Hale.

Cogneau, Denis. Moradi, Alexander. British and French educational legacies in Africa, 17 May 2014. <http://www.voxeu.org/article/british-and-french-educational-legacies-africa> Accessed 22.06.2015.

De Marco, Vittorio “L’intervento della Santa Sede a Versailles in favore delle missioni tedesche.” Benedetto XVI e la Pace – 1918. Ed. Giorgio Rumi. Brescia: Marcelliana.

General Act of the Berlin Conference on West Africa. 26 February 1885 [issued as the result of the Berlin Conference of 1884-85, also known as the Congo Conference]. <http://africanhistory.about.com/od/eracolonialism/l/bl-BerlinAct1885.htm> Accessed 20.06.2015.

Janet, Harris 2005. Alexandra Palace: a hidden history. Wallingford: Tempus Publishing Ltd.

Markert, Franz 1935. Erinnerungen anlässlich des silbernen Priesterjubiläums des Weihekurses 6. Februar 1910: 1910-25-1935.

Miotk, Andrzej. Das Missionsverständnis im historischen Wandel am Beispiel der Enzyklika «Maximum Illud». [Veröffentlichungen des Missionspriesterseminars St. Augustin 51], Nettetal: Steyler Verlag, 1999.

Müller, Karl. 1958. Geschichte der katholischen Kirche in Togo. Kaldenkirchen: Steyler Verlagsbuchhandlung.

Müller, Karl. 1968. Histoire de l´Eglise catholique au Togo. Lomé: Edition Libraire Bon Pasteur.

Skweres, Dieter. 1993. …Et Vetera. Les méthodes d’évangélisation des premiers missionnaires SVD au Togo. Lomé.

Thauren, Johann 1931. “Die Mission in der ehemaligen deutschen Kolonie Togo.” Die Missionen der Gesellschaft des Göttlichen Wortes in den Heidenländern. Steyl: Missionsdruckerei. 7-44.

Witte, Anton 1925. “Die Missionare vom Göttlichen Wort in Afrika.” Im Dienste des Göttlichen Wortes, Jubiläumsschrift der Gesellschaft des Göttlichen Wortes 1875-1925. Hermann Fischer. Steyl: Missionsdruckerei. 91-95.