Abstract
In 2003 Madagascar joined the UNESCO “Education for All” programme. The primary objective of the programme is to improve accessibility to and the quality of the education system. Although there has been progress in achieving universal primary education, this progress has not been accompanied by the necessary safeguards for ensuring quality of education. According to the UNESCO report “Éducation pour tous. Madagascar 2015" only 79% the Malagasy children who started school went on to complete their primary education. The PASEC (Program on the Analysis of Education Systems) report also shows the low quality of education – children repeating school years together with low educational outcomes in Mathematics and French. This poor quality of education is undoubtedly in violation of the rights of children to their individual development. This article attempts to answer the question about the causes of the low quality of education in Madagascar. According to the author it’s important to note that apart from poverty and child labour the low professional qualifications of teachers is also a contributory factor.
References
Deleigne, Marie-Christine. „La mesure statistique et ses limites : l’exemple du système scolaire malgache”, Cahiers de la recherche sur l’éducation et les savoirs [En ligne], 3 | 2004, mis en ligne le 01 septembre 2012, consulté le 07 juillet 2015. URL: <http://cres.revues.org/1395>
Deleigne, Marie-Christine. „Vers l’institutionnalisation de l’École dans l’Androy (Madagascar) ?”, Cahiers de la recherche sur l’éducation et les savoirs [En ligne], 8 | 2009, mis en ligne le 22 mars 2012, consulté le 13 mai 2015. URL: <http://cres.revues.org/603>
„Enquête nationale sur le travail des enfants à Madagascar 2007”, INSTAT. Dostęp 30.05.2015. <http://www.instat.mg/pdf/ente_2007_poly.pdf>
„Enquête National sur le suivi des indicareurs des OMD, (2012-2013)”, Objectif: 2, INSTAT: XI. Dostęp 30.05.2015. <http://www.instat.mg/pdf/ensomd-2012-2013_2.pdf>
„Enquête National sur le suivi des indicareurs des OMD, (2012-2013)”, Objectif: 4, INSTAT: 7-8. Dostęp 05.07.2015. <http://www.instat.mg/pdf/ensomd-2012-2013_4.pdf>
Gastineau, Bénédicte. Ravaozanany, Noro. „Genre et scolarisation à Madagascar”, Questions Vives [En ligne], Vol.8 n°15 | 2011, mis en ligne le 10 octobre 2011, consulté le 23 avril 2015. URL: http://questionsvives.revues.org/710; DOI: 10.4000/questionsvives.710.
LOI n° 2008-011 modifiant certaines dispositions de la Loi n° 2004-004 du 26 juillet 2004 portant orientation générale du Système d’Education, d’Enseignement et de Formation à Madagascar. Dostęp 01.06.2015. <http://www.unesco.org/education/edurights/media /docs/23c8485998e09 3c6fbdd2d345ffec368c76d5620.pdf>
Milenijne Cele Rozwoju ONZ, Ośrodek Informacji ONZ w Warszawie. Zob. Dostęp 01.07.2015. <http://www.unic.un.org.pl/cele.php>
Nivo, T.A. „75% des enseignants payés par les parents d’élèves.” Madagascar-Tribune.com (opublikowano 10 listopada 2008). Dostęp 30.06.2015. <http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/75-des-enseignants-payes-par-les,9833.html>
PASEC. „Quelques pistes de réflexion pour une education primaire de qualité pour tous. Rapport Madagascar 2008”. Programme d’analyse des systèmes éducatifs de la CONFEMEN, www.confemen.org
Rakotonandrasana, Marc. „Madagascar - Enseignants recrutés sans formation initiale”. Dostęp 30.05.2015. <http://www.ciep.fr/sources/conferences/CD_professionnalisation/bak/ pages/docs/pdf_pays/Madagascar.pdf>
„Rapport Final. Evaluation externe du programme RSTEP (Renforcement des Sciences et Techniques dans l’Enseignement Primaire à Madagascar)”. Rakotozafy Harison, Jean Baptiste. Hofmann, Elisabeth. Antananarivo/Bordeaux, 2010. Dostęp 02.06.2015. <http://www.ongdefi.org/docs/evaluations /Evaluation_Mad_2010.pdf>
„Rapport sur les enfants travaillant à Madagascar 2011”. Ambassade des Etats-Unis d’Amerique. Antananarivo – Madagascar. Dostęp 28.05.2015. <http://french.madagascar.usembassy.gov/root/la-relation-americanomalgache2/rapport-sur-les-enfants-travaillant--madagascar-2011.html>
Ratsiazo, Léa. „Baisse spectaculaire du niveau des élèves.” Madagascar-Tribune.com (opubliowano 29.09.201014). Dostęp 30.05.2015.
<http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Baisse-spectaculaire-du-niveau-des,20291.html>
Ratsiazo, Léa. „Les maîtres FRAM encore et toujours en difficulté.” Madagascar-Tribune.com (opublikowano 6 stycznia 2015). Dostęp 30.05.2015. <http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Les-maitres-FRAM-encore-et,20655.html>
UNESCO. „Examen national 2015 de l’Éducation pour tous. Madagascar”, <http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002317/231749f.pdf.
License
Copyright (c) 2016 Kinga Lendzion
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
PUBLISHED WORK ARE LICENSED UNDER A CREATIVE COMMONS:
Before 2006 all published texts are copyrighted.
Authors
Authors of texts accepted for publication in the journal Annales Missiologici Posnanienses are required to complete, sign and return to the editorial address an agreement to grant free license to works, with an obligation to grant CC sublicense.
According to the agreement, the authors of the texts published in the journal Annales Missiologici Posnanienses grant to Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan a non-exclusive and royalty-free licencji Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license and allow sublicensing under the same conditions.
The authors retain the rights to further freely dispose of the work.
Users
Interested internet users are entitled to use works published from 2021 onwards in Annales Missiologici Posnanienses under the following conditions:
- Attribution - the obligation to provide with the distributed work, information, about the authorship, title, source (links to the original work, DOI) and the license itself;
- Non-commercial use - you should not use the work for commercial purposes;
- Without creating derivative works - the work must be preserved in its original form, e.g. translations, adaptations may not be distributed without the author's permission.
Interested Internet users are entitled to use works published between 2006 and 2020 in Annales Missiologici Posnanienses under the following conditions:
- acknowledgment of authorship - the obligation to provide with the distributed work, information, about the authorship, title, source (links to the original work, DOI) and the license itself;
- without creating derivative works - the work must be preserved in its original form, e.g. translations, adaptations cannot be distributed without the author's consent.
Other
Adam Mickiewicz University of Poznan retains the right to the journal as a whole (layout, graphic form, title, cover design, logo, etc.).