Sulla in the Balkans

Abstract

The article analyzes the activity of Lucius Cornelius Sulla in the Balkans during his two stays in the East (92 and 87–83 BC) in the context of the wars against Mithridates VI Eupator. The author bases the study on ancient sources such as Appian, Plutarch, and Pausanias. Sulla’s first campaign took place in Asia Minor, while the second, which is central to the article, included operations in the Balkans and Greece. The strategic situation was difficult: Mithridates controlled Asia Minor and Greece, having numerical superiority and support from many Greek cities. Despite limited forces, Sulla regained control of the region thanks to his command skills and flexible strategy. Key events included the siege and capture of Athens and Piraeus, the battles of Chaeronea and Orchomenus, and the use of military intelligence and psychological warfare. The author emphasizes the importance of information obtained by spies and cooperation with local populations. An important element was also Sulla’s policy towards the Greeks, combining repression with rewards for loyal cities. After victories, Sulla concluded peace with Mithridates and reorganized the region. The Balkan campaign was crucial for his career, enabling him to build a loyal army and gain financial resources, while also contributing to the spread of Greek culture in the Roman world.