Gnaeus Pompeius the Great in the Balkans

Abstract

The article presents the activity of Gnaeus Pompey the Great in the Balkans during the conflict with Julius Caesar, set against the broader background of his political and military career. The author, based on ancient sources, analyzes Pompey’s path to power from early campaigns through cooperation with Sulla to his highest offices. His role in the political system of the late Republic is discussed, including the First Triumvirate and rivalry with Caesar. The article emphasizes his extraordinary powers and growing popularity. The main issue is Pompey’s activity in the Balkans during the civil war (49–48 BC), when the region became a key theatre of operations. The author analyzes strategic decisions, relations with the Senate, and mistakes that weakened his position. Particular attention is paid to his inconsistency and dependence on elite opinion. Pompey is portrayed as a complex figure - an outstanding commander but indecisive politician whose actions contributed to Caesar’s victory and the fall of the Republic.