The sacred significance of Thracian and Dacian domestic altars decorated with ornaments
Journal cover Balcanica Posnaniensia. Acta et studia, volume 5, year 1990, title Balcanica Posnaniensia. Acta et studia
PDF (Język Polski)

Keywords

clay altars
domestic religion
archaeology
ornamentation
Thrace
Dacia
hearth cult

How to Cite

Makiewicz, T. (1990). The sacred significance of Thracian and Dacian domestic altars decorated with ornaments. Balcanica Posnaniensia. Acta Et Studia, 5, 73–90. https://doi.org/10.14746/bp.1990.5.6

Abstract

The article addresses the problem of the interpretation of the function and meaning of ornamented clay altars discovered in the area of Thrace and Dacia. The problem is significant because these objects constitute part of a broader cultural phenomenon in Europe, and their function was not clearly defined. The aim of the work is to determine their sacred character and their place in the system of beliefs. The author applies archaeological analysis including form, ornamentation, context of occurrence, and accompanying finds. The most important results indicate that the altars occurred both in houses and in buildings of a special character as well as in barrows, and their ornamentation shows regional differentiation, with Dacian objects being simpler than Thracian ones. The analysis has shown that they were connected with domestic cults, probably of protective deities, and that their function could extend to the level of the tribal community. It has also been pointed out that there is developmental continuity of this type of object and transformations leading to the separation of cult spaces outside the house. The conclusion is that ornamented altars constituted an important element of domestic religion, which over time underwent institutionalization and expansion of social functions.

https://doi.org/10.14746/bp.1990.5.6
PDF (Język Polski)

References

Babeș M., Statuelele geto-dace de la Cîrlomănești (jud. Buzău), „Studii și Cercetări de Istorie Veche și Arheologie” 1977, t. 28, nr 3, s. 319–352.

Colectivul de cercetări arheologice al Academiei R.P.R., Șantierul Poiana, „Studii și Cercetări de Istorie Veche” 1952, t. 3, s. 191–230.

Čičikova M., Žertveniki ellinističeskoj epohi v Trakii, „Studia Thracica” 1975, nr 1, s. 180–195.

Déchelette J., Manuel d’archéologie préhistorique, celtique et gallo-romaine, t. 2–3, Paris 1914.

Dimitrov D. P., Čičikova M., The Thracian City of Seuthopolis, „British Archaeological Reports” 1978, nr 38 (Supplementary Series).

Dimitrov D. P., Gradoustrojstvo i architektura na trakijskija grad Sevtopolis, „Arheologija” 1960, t. 2, nr 1, s. 3–15.

Dimitrov D. P., Kăm voprosa za religiata na Trakite ot ranneellinističeskata epocha, „Istoričeski Pregled” 1957, t. 13, nr 2, s. 65–81.

Dimitrov D. P., Neuentdeckte epigraphische Denkmäler über die Religion der Thraker in der frühhellenistischen Epoche, „Latomus” 1957, t. 28, s. 181–193.

Dimitrov D. P., Sevtopol – frakijskij gorod bliz s. Koprinka, „Sovetskaja Arheologija” 1957, nr 1, s. 199–216.

Dimitrov D. P., Seuthopolis, „Antiquity” 1961, t. 35, s. 91–102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X0003595X

Dobrovolskij A. V., Rozkopki diljanok A i G-ta mogil’nika zolotobalkivskogo poselenija, „Arheologičeskie Pamjatniki URSS” 1960, t. 9, s. 141–165.

Dremsizova S., Nadgrobni mogili pri selo Jankovo, „Izvestija na Archeologičeskija Institut” 1955, t. 19, s. 61–83.

Drost D., Zur Gliederung und Herkunft der metallenen Feuerböcke Mitteleuropas, „Ethnographisch-Archäologische Forschungen” 1954, t. 2, s. 100–158.

Fehér G., Mogilni nahodki ot Mumdžilar, „Izvestija na Archeologičeskija Institut” 1935, t. 8, s. 106–115.

Gerasimov T., Keltski kultovi figuri ot Bălgarija, „Izvestija na Archeologičeskija Institut” 1960, t. 23, s. 165–204.

Hudjak M. M., Iz istorii Nimfeja VI–III vekov do n.e., Leningrad 1962.

Jacenko J. V., O dvuh žertvennikah esharah v kurganah poberežja Dneprovsko-Bugskogo limana, „Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Muzeja” 1960, nr 37, s. 99–104.

Kastanajan V., Obrjad trizny v bosporskich kurganach, „Sovetskaja Arheologija” 1950, t. 14, s. 124–138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1950.tb06224.x

Kitov G., Trakijskaja grobnica-mavzolej kraj grad Strelča, „Vekove” 1977, nr 1, s. 12–21.

Kozub J. I., Drevnejšee svjatilišče Ol’vii, w: Ol’vija, Kiev 1975, s. 139–163.

Kozub J. I., Drevnejšij kul’tovyj kompleks Ol’vii, w: Hudožestvennaja kultura i archeologija antičnogo mira, Moskva 1976, s. 124–130.

Leahu V., Săpăturile arheologice de la Cătelu Nou, „Cercetări Arheologice în București” 1965, t. 2, s. 11–74.

Makiewicz T., Ołtarze i „paleniska” ornamentowane z epoki żelaza w Europie, „Przegląd Archeologiczny” 1976, nr 24, s. 100–183.

Makiewicz T., W sprawie genezy trackich i dackich ołtarzy i palenisk kultowych, „Przegląd Archeologiczny” 1977, nr 25, s. 179–187.

Mihajlov G., Trakite, Sofija 1972.

Nilsson M. P., A History of Greek Religion, Oxford 1925.

Nilsson M. P., Geschichte der griechischen Religion, t. 1, München 1941.

Nilsson M. P., Roman and Greek Domestic Cult, w: Opuscula Selecta, t. 3, Lund 1960, s. 271–286.

Nilsson M. P., The Minoan-Mycenaean Religion and Its Survival in Greek Religion, Lund 1927.

Pejkov A., Raskopki v drevnefrakijskom gorode Evtipija, „Pulpudeva” 1980, nr 3, s. 239–249.

Trohani G., Raport asupra săpăturilor arheologice… Vlădiceasca, „Cercetări Arheologice” 1975, t. 1, s. 151–175.

Trohani G., Săpăturile din așezarea geto-dacă de la Vlădiceasca, „Cercetări Arheologice” 1976, t. 2, s. 87–134.

Turcu M., Geto-daci din Cîmpia Munteniei, București 1979.

Viazmitina M. J., Frakijskije elementy v kulture naselenija gorodišč nižnego Dnepra, w: Drevnie frakijcy v severnom Pričernomorie, Moskva 1969, s. 119–134.

Vulpe R., Așezări getice din Muntenia, București 1966.

Vulpe R., Șantierul arheologic Popești, „Materiale și Cercetări Arheologice” 1951, t. 3, s. 224–246.

Vulpe R., Șantierul arheologic Popești, „Materiale și Cercetări Arheologice” 1959, t. 4, s. 307–324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/mcarh.1959.1219

Vulpe R., Șantierul arheologic Popești, „Materiale și Cercetări Arheologice” 1960, t. 7, s. 321–328. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/mcarh.1961.1645

Vulpe R., Șantierul arheologic Popești. Raport preliminar, „Studii și Cercetări de Istorie Veche” 1955, t. 4, nr 1–2, s. 239–264.

Yavis C. G., Greek Altars. Origins and Typology, Saint Louis 1949.