On the camp of the Eleventh Claudian Legion at Durostorum

Abstract

The article analyzes the problem of the location and reconstruction of the camp of Legio XI Claudia at Durostorum (present-day Silistra), which for a long time remained the subject of scholarly disputes. This issue is important for research on the Roman defense system on the Danube and on the organization of legionary camps. The aim of the study is to determine precisely the location of the camp and to reconstruct its spatial structure and phases of development. The author uses the results of archaeological excavations carried out in 1972–1979, applying analysis of architectural material and building plans. The most important results indicate that the camp was located on the territory of present-day Silistra, and not on the opposite side of the Danube. Fragments of defensive walls about 2.8–2.9 m thick made of stone bonded with mortar were discovered, and different types of towers with distinct functions were identified. The internal buildings were also reconstructed, including barracks and the centurion’s house, and analysis of the spatial layout made it possible to determine the camp’s area at about 19 hectares and its dimensions as similar to those of other legionary camps, such as Novae. The chronology of development was also established: the first phase of construction dates to the beginning of the 2nd century, whereas rebuilding and strengthening of the fortifications took place in the 3rd century. The research confirms the importance of Durostorum as a major military center on the Danube and demonstrates the key role of archaeological investigations in reconstructing the location, structure, and development of Roman legionary camps.