Abstrakt
Many higher education institutions (HEIs) relied on established instructional models, such as Community of Inquiry (CoI), to inform teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. This reflective case study at a highly international European university finds five areas wherein internationalization has shaped teaching and learning during the pandemic, and which are undertheorized in existing models: mobility and basic needs, instructional modalities, vulnerability, language, and university alliances. Accounting for these areas enables better analysis of pandemic experiences, and when combined with CoI and Universal Design for Learning (UDL) principles, can foster more inclusive and effective learning experiences for students and faculty.
Bibliografia
Bankoff, G., Frerks, G., and Hilhorst, D. (Eds.). (2004). Mapping Vulnerability. New York: Earthscan.
Bayne, S. (2004). Smoothness and Striation in Digital Learning Spaces. E-learning and Digital Media, 1(2), 302-316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2304/elea.2004.1.2.6
Bilecen, B. (2020). Commentary: COVID‐19 Pandemic and Higher Education: International Mobility and Students’ Social Protection. International Migration, 58(4), 263-266. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12749
Bista, K., Allen, R. M., and Chan, R. Y. (2021). Impacts of COVID-19 on International Students and the Future of Student Mobility. New York, NY: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003138402
Bound, J., Braga, B., Khanna, G., and Turner, S. (2021). The Globalization of Postsecondary Education: The Role of International Students in the US Higher Education System. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 35(1), 163-184. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.35.1.163
Cairns, D., França, T., Calvo, D. M., and de Azevedo, L F. (2021). Immobility, Precarity and the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Impact of Lockdown on International Students in Portugal. Journal of Youth Studies, 1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2021.1948981
CAST (2018). Universal Design for Learning Guidelines Version 2.2. Retrieved from http://udlguidelines.cast.org
Castellanos-Reyes, D. (2020). 20 Years of the Community of Inquiry Framework. TechTrends, 64, 557–560. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-020-00491-7
Clarke, M., and Yang, L. H. (2019). Internationalization: Perspectives From University Faculty in the Republic of Ireland. Journal of Studies in International Education, 25(2), 136-151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315319888469
Central European University (2022). About CEU. Retrieved from https://www.ceu.edu/about
Cicillini, S., and Giacosa, A. (2020). Online English-Medium Instruction (EMI) Classes. What We Have Learned So Far. DIDAMATiCA, 2020, 178-185.
Chang, H., Ngunjiri, F., and Hernandez, K.-A. C. (2013). Collaborative Autoethnography. Left Coast Press, Inc., Walnut Creek.
Chang, S., et al. (2020). From Way Across the Sea: Information Overload and International Students During the COVID‐19 Pandemic. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 57(1), n.p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.289
Chirikov, I., and Soria, K. M. (2020). International Students’ Experiences and Concerns During the Pandemic. SERU Consortium, University of California – Berkeley and University of Minnesota. Retrieved from https://cshe.berkeley.edu/seru-covid-survey-reports
Coffey, J., Cook, J., Farrugia, D., Threadgold, S., and Burke, P. J. (2021). Intersecting Marginalities: International Students' Struggles for ‘Survival’ in COVID‐19. Gender, Work & Organization, 28(4), 1337-1351. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12610
Darmody, M., Groarke, S., and Mihut, G. (2022). Engagement of International Students at Irish Higher Education Institutions. Journal of International Students, 12(2), 2162-3104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v12i4.3608
Dorn, E., Hancock, B., Sarakatsannis, J., and Viruleg, E. (2020). COVID-19 and Student Learning in the United States: The Hurt Could Last a Lifetime. McKinsey & Company. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/education/our-insights/covid-19-and-student-learning-in-the-united-states-the-hurt-could-last-a-lifetime
Dorner, H., Rymarenko, M., Nyikes, N., and Candlish, R. (2020). Accessibility Guide for Online Teaching and Learning During COVID-19. Retrieved April 25, 2022 (internal).
Darby, F., and Lang, J. M. (2019). Small Teaching Online. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
European Commission (2020a). Erasmus+ and European Solidarity Corps: Survey on the Impact of COVID-19 on Learning Mobility Activities. Retrieved from https://erasmus-plus.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2021-09/coronavirus-mobility-impact-results-may2020_en.pdf
European Commission (2020b). European Universities Initiative: Survey on the Impact of COVID-19 on European Universities. Retrieved from https://erasmus-plus.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2021-09/coronavirus-eui-impact-results-may2020_en.pdf
Fallatah, S. A. (2021). Senior Interior Design Students' Perceptions About Distance Learning in the Shadow of COVID-19. Journal of public health research, 9(1), n.p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2020.1914
Ferencz, I., and Rumbley, L. E. (2022). Europe's Post-pandemic Internationalisation: Challenges and Possibilities in a Decidedly Networked Future. Higher Education Quarterly, 76, 276-292. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.12381
Firang, D. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on International Students in Canada. International Social Work, 63(6), 820-824. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872820940030
Firang, D., and Mensah, J. (2022). Exploring the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on International Students and Universities in Canada. Journal of International Students, 12(1), 1-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v12i1.2881
Gaebel, M., Zhang, T., Stoeber, H., and Morrisroe, A. (2021). Digitally enhanced learning and teaching in European higher education institutions. European University Association. Retrieved from https://eua.eu/resources/publications/954:digitally-enhanced-learning-and-teaching-in-european-higher-education-institutions.html
Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., and Archer, W. (1999). Critical Inquiry in a Text-Based Environment: Computer Conferencing in Higher Education. The Internet and Higher Education, 2(2-3), 87-105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-7516(00)00016-6
Garson, K., Bourassa, E., and Odgers, T. (2016). Interculturalising the Curriculum: Faculty Professional Development. Intercultural Education, 27(5), 457–473. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14675986.2016.1240506
Gates, T. G., Beazley, H., and Davis, C. (2020). Coping with Grief, Loss, and Well-Being During a Pandemic: A Collaborative Autoethnography of International Educators During COVID-19. International Social Work, 63(6), 782-785. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872820949622
Godber, K. A., and Atkins, D. R. (2021). COVID-19 Impacts on Teaching and Learning: A Collaborative Autoethnography by Two Higher Education Lecturers. Frontiers in Education, 6, n.p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.647524
Gordon-Bouvier, E. (2019). Relational Vulnerability: The Legal Status of Cohabiting Carers. Feminist Legal Studies, 27, 163–187. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10691-019-09404-3
Gunawardena, C., Frechette, C., and Layne, L. (2018). Culturally Inclusive Instructional Design: A Framework and Guide to Building Online Wisdom Communities. New York, NY: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315439204
Hammerness, K., et al. (2022). Missed Opportunities in Online Learning. Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved from https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2022/03/14/stem-students-struggled-online-learning-opinion
Hari, A., Nardon, L., and Zhang, H. (2021). A Transnational Lens into International Student Experiences of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Global Networks, 1-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/glob.12332
The Hope Center for College, Community, and Justice (2022). Retrieved from https://hope4college.com/
Huang, K., Law, V., and Joon Lee, S. (2019). The Role of Learners’ Epistemic Beliefs in an Online Community of Inquiry. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(4), 1882-1895. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12684
John, G., and Tomaselli, E. (2021). Wie viel System steckt hinter dem Unwesen in der Einwanderungsbehörde MA 35? Der Standard. Retrieved from https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000129145693/wie-viel-system-steckt-hinter-dem-unwesen-in-der-einwanderungsbehoerde
Jena, P. K. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on Higher Education in India. International Journal of Advanced Education and Research, 5(3), 77-81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/jg8fr
Kaufman, E. (2021). Open Society University Network (OSUN) Connected and Blended Learning Toolkit. Retrieved from https://rise.articulate.com/share/GlNPJxQaMc-c27TybTKUbmYsvm22NSs_#/
Kehrlwald, B. (2008). Understanding Social Presence in Text‐Based Online Learning Environments. Distance Education, 29(1), 89-106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01587910802004860
Kim, G. J. Y., Zhu, J., and Weng, Z. (2022). Collaborative autoethnography in examining online teaching during the pandemic: from a ‘teacher agency’ perspective. Teaching in Higher Education, 1-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2022.2078959
Knight, J. (2003). Updating the Definition of Internationalisation. International Higher Education, 33, 2-3.
Kohnke, L., and Jarvis, A. (2021). Coping with English for Academic Purposes Provision During COVID-19. Sustainability, 13(15), n.p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158642
Kozan, K., and Richardson, J. C. (2014). Interrelationships between and among Social, Teaching, and Cognitive Presence. Internet and Higher Education, 21, 68-73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2013.10.007
Kuran, C. H. A., et al. (2020). Vulnerability and Vulnerable Groups from an Intersectionality Perspective. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 50, 101826. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101826
The Lancet Editorial Board (2020). Redefining Vulnerability in the Era of COVID-19. The Lancet, 395(10230), 1089. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30757-1
Leask, B. (2015). A Conceptual Framework for Internationalisation of the Curriculum. Internationalizing the Curriculum: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315716954
Lang, J. (2020). Distracted: Why Students Can’t Focus and What You Can Do About It. London: Basic Books.
Lee, K., and Bligh, B. (2019). Four Narratives about Online International Students: A Critical Literature Review. Distance Education, 40(2), 153-169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2019.1600363
Lomer, S., and Anthony-Okeke, L. (2019). Ethically Engaging International Students: Student Generated Material in an Active Blended Learning Model. Teaching in Higher Education, 24(5), 613-632. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2019.1617264
Luxon, T., and Peelo, M. (2009). Internationalisation: Its Implications for Curriculum Design and Course Development in UK Higher Education. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 46(1), 51-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14703290802646172
McFadden, P., et al. (2020). COVID-19 Impact on Social Work Admissions and Education in Seven International Universities. Social Work Education, 39(8), 1154-1163. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2020.1829582
McFarlane, S., Cipolletti Perez, H., and Weissglass, C. (2020). Thinking in a Non-Native Language: A New Nudge? Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 549083. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.549083
Mansouri, F. (2020). The Socio-Cultural Impact of COVID-19: Exploring the Role of Intercultural Dialogue in Emerging Responses. UNESCO—Building Peace in the Minds of Men and Women, 8, 1-16. Retrieved from https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000374186
Ngubane-Mokiwa, S. A., and Khoza, S. B. (2021). Using Community of Inquiry (CoI) to Facilitate the Design of a Holistic E-Learning Experience for Students with Visual Impairments. Education Sciences, 11(4), 1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11040152
Nuffic (2020). How is COVID-19 Affecting International Students’ Plans to Study in the Netherlands? Retrieved from https://www.nuffic.nl/en/subjects/facts-and-figures/regions-and-universities
Nusche, D., Shewbridge, C., and Rasmussen, C. L. (2010). OECD Reviews of Migrant Education: Austria 2010. OECD. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/austria/44192225.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264086180-en
Peroni, L., and Timmer, A. (2013). Vulnerable Groups: The Promise of an Emerging Concept in European Human Rights Convention law. International Journal of Constitutional Law, 11(4), 1056–1085. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/icon/mot042
Peters et al. 2020. “China’s Internationalized Higher Education During Covid-19: Collective Student Autoethnography.” Postdigital Science and Education 2:968-988. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-020-00128-1
Pleschová, G. (2020). Supporting Academics Who Teach International Students. ETH Learning and Teaching Journal, 2(2), 215-219.
Prakaash, M. (2022). Australia Risks Creating a ‘Hierarchy’ of International Student Mobility. The PIE News. Retrieved from https://thepienews.com/news/australia-risks-creating-a-hierarchy-of-international-student-mobility/
Pun, J., and Thomas, N. (2020). English Medium Instruction: Teachers’ Challenges and Coping Strategies. ELT Journal, 74(3), 247-257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccaa024
Qiang, Z. (2003). Internationalization of Higher Education: Towards a Conceptual Framework. Policy Futures in Education, 1(2), 248-270. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2304/pfie.2003.1.2.5
Rao, K. (2021). Inclusive Instructional Design: Applying UDL to Online Learning. The Journal of Applied Instructional Design, 10(1), n.p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51869/101/kr
Roy, R., and Uekusa, S. (2020). Collaborative Autoethnography: ‘Self-reflection’ as a Timely Alternative Research Approach During the Global Pandemic. Qualitative Research Journal, 20(4), 383-392. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/QRJ-06-2020-0054
Rodríguez-Planas, N. (2022). Hitting Where It Hurts Most: COVID-19 and Low-Income Urban College Students. Economics of Education Review, 87, 102-233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2022.102233
Roscigno, V. J., Williams, L. M., and Byron, R. A. (2012). Workplace Racial Discrimination and Middle Class Vulnerability. American Behavioral Scientist, 56(5), 696–710. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764211433805
Rumbley, L. E., Altbach, P. G., and Reisberg, L. (2012). Internationalization within the higher education context. The SAGE handbook of international higher education, 3, 26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452218397.n1
Samper, P. M., et al. (2022). International partnerships: Thematic Peer Group Report. European University Association Teaching and Learning Papers. Retrieved from https://eua.eu/resources/publications/1011:international-partnerships-group-report.html
Samifanni, F. (2020). Japan’s International Education during COVID-19 Pandemic: Show Impact or Face Swift Death. Asian Journal of Humanities and Social Studies, 8(4), n.p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24203/ajhss.v8i4.6256
Schwandt, T. A. (2007). The SAGE Dictionary of Qualitative Inquiry, 3rd ed. London: Sage Publications. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412986281
Schwartzman, R. (2020). Performing Pandemic Pedagogy. Communication Education, 69(4), 502-517. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03634523.2020.1804602
Shea, P., and Bidjerano, T. (2012). Learning Presence as a Moderator in the Community of Inquiry Model. Computers & Education, 59, 316-326. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.01.011
Strausz, E. (2021a). The Affirmative Power of Presence Through Absence, Online. Critical Studies on Security, 9(1), 67-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21624887.2021.1904362
Strausz, E. (2021b). Marks That Matter: Slow Letters to Authors and Selves. e-International Relations. Retrieved from https://www.e-ir.info/2021/04/29/marks-that-matter-slow-letters-to-authors-and-selves/
Tan, C. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 on Student Motivation, Community of Inquiry and Learning Performance. Asian Education and Development Studies, 10(2), 308-321. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/AEDS-05-2020-0084
Universities UK (2021). International Student Recruitment Data. Universities UK. Retrieved from https://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/universities-uk-international/explore-uuki/international-student-recruitment/international-student-recruitment-data
Wendt, J. L., and Nisbet, D. L. (2017). The Role of Perceived Learning and Communities of Inquiry in Predicting International Students’ Course Grades in Computer-Mediated Graduate Courses. Journal of Research in Education, 27(1), 1-23.
Wilson, G., and Roscigno, V. J. (2018). Race, Ageism and the Slide from Privileged Occupations. Social Science Research, 69, 52-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2017.09.009
Yüksel, H. G. (2022). Remote Learning During COVID-19: Cognitive Appraisals and Perceptions of English Medium of Instruction (EMI) Students. Education and Information Technologies, 27(1), 347-363. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10678-x
Licencja
Prawa autorskie (c) 2022 Michael A. Kozakowski
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Użycie niekomercyjne 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
W przypadku zakwalifikowania tekstu do druku Autor wyraża zgodę na przekazanie praw autorskich do tego artykułu wydawcy (zob. Polityka open access). Autor artykułu zachowuje prawo wykorzystania treści opublikowanego przez czasopismo artykułu w dalszej pracy naukowej i popularyzatorskiej pod warunkiem wskazania źródła publikacji.