Hamburg–Sankt Petersburg, Sankt Petersburg–Nicea. Scenariusze stabilności połączeń bliźniaczych pod wpływem naprężeń
PDF (English)

Słowa kluczowe

miasta bliźniacze
Sankt Petersburg
Hamburg
Nicea
stabilność dyplomacji miejskiej

Jak cytować

Vlaemnick, E., & Pustoshinskaya, O. (2021). Hamburg–Sankt Petersburg, Sankt Petersburg–Nicea. Scenariusze stabilności połączeń bliźniaczych pod wpływem naprężeń. Przegląd Politologiczny, (4), 49–61. https://doi.org/10.14746/pp.2021.26.4.3

Abstrakt

Na tle globalnej pandemii COVID-19 i trwających napięć geopolitycznych między Federacją Rosyjską a Zachodem, niniejszy tekst zajmuje się dynamiką europejsko-rosyjskiej dyplomacji miast w czasach kryzysu. Na podstawie dwóch reprezentatywnych studiów przypadków istniejących miast partnerskich, a mianowicie Hamburg–Sankt Petersburg z jednej strony oraz Nicea–Sankt Petersburg z drugiej, rozdział ten bada ewolucję relacji partnerskich w politycznie wrażliwych czasach. Zwracając uwagę na podstawy prawne i historyczną ewolucję wybranych przypadków współpracy miast, autorzy identyfikują główne tendencje, jak również możliwości w dziedzinie partnerstwa miast i angażują się w tak zwany zwrot cyfrowy w dyplomacji miejskiej, który przejawia się od początku globalnego kryzysu zdrowotnego na początku 2020 roku.

https://doi.org/10.14746/pp.2021.26.4.3
PDF (English)

Bibliografia

Administration of SPb (2019), Presentation of St. Petersburg Restaurants with Local Cuisine in Nice, https://www.gov.spb.ru/gov/otrasl/c_foreign/news/161351, 10.07.2021.

Administration of SPb (2020), The Average per Capita Family Income will be Calculated in a New Way, the Administration of St. Petersburg, https://www.gov.spb.ru/gov/terr/krasnogvard/news/191939, 2.07.2021.

Administration of SPb (2020), On February 9–14, 2020, a Delegation of Civil Servants from Hamburg Germany Visited St. Petersburg, http://kvs.spb.ru/news/53644/?category=168, 9.07.2021.

Base.garant.ru (1999), Federal Law “On the Coordination of International and Foreign Economic Relations of the Subjects of the Russian Federation”, No. 4, 4.01.1999, with changes from 13.07.2015, The legal base of “Garant”, http://base.garant.ru/179963, 2.07.2021.

Bnppre.fr (2020), Dynamic and Attractive City for Companies, BNP Paribas Real Estate, https://www.bnppre.fr/actualites/marche-immobilier/nice-ville-dynamique-et-attractive-pour-les-entreprises.html, 2.07.2021.

Bourse des Voyages (2020), Nice: Guide de Voyage, https://www.bourse-des-voyages.com/guide-voyage/vacances/hotel-nice.html, 3.07.2021.

Сites-unies-france.org (2021), City of Nice: Saint Petersburg Celebrates New Year and Christmas: “Petrovsky Fire Festival-Christmas Star”, The Portaul of Relaxed Cooperation, https://cites-unies-france.org/Ville-de-Nice-Saint-Petersbourg-celebre-le-Nouvel-An-et-le-Noel-Petrovsky-Fire, 10.07.2021.

Constitutional Council (1958), French Constitution, 4.10.1958, https://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/le-bloc-de-constitutionnalite/texte-integral-de-la-constitution-du-4-octobre-1958-en-vigueur, 2.07.2021.

Delanoë I. (2012), Presence and Implantation of Russians in Villefranche and Nice through the French-Speaking Media in Nice (1856–1893), “Cahiers de la Méditerranée”, no. 85, https://journals.openedition.org/cdlm/6693, 10.07.2021.

DeStatis (2020), Cities by Area, Population and Population Density, https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/LaenderRegionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Administrativ/05-staedte.html, 3.07.2021.

Docs.cntd.ru (2019), the Law of St. Petersburg “On the Budget of St. Petersburg for 2020 and the planning period of 2021 and 2022”, no. 614-132, 27.11.2019, Electronic Fund of Legal and Regulatory Documents, https://docs.cntd.ru/document/563882215, 2.07.2021.

Fink.Hamburg (2017), Russian Journalism Students Hamburg, https://fink.hamburg/2017/11/russische-journalismus-studierende-besuchen-hamburg, 10.07.2021.

Forum (2021), About St. Petersburg, X St. Petersburg International Gas Forum, https://gas-forum.ru/about-the-city#:~:text=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%2D%D0%9F%D0, 2.07.2021.

France MID (2021), Program of the Cross Year of Interregional Cooperation between Russia and France-2021, French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, https://france.mid.ru/ru/presse/perekrestgod0321, 10.07.2021.

FTS (2020), Welcome to the Fair Trade city of Hamburg, Fair Trade Stadt, https://www.fairtradestadt-hamburg.de, 3.07.2021.

Gazeta (2020), Cote d’Azur, meet the St. Petersburg Ballet Festival, Gazeta from “Service Azur”, https://serviceazur.com/gazeta/2020/01/26/lazurnyj-bereg-vstrechaj-sankt-peterburgskij-festival-balet, 10.07.2021.

German Bundestag (1949), Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, 23.05.1949, https://www.btg-bestellservice.de/pdf/80201000.pdf, 3.07.2021.

German-Russian Forum (2020), German and Russian Initiatives Discuss: Saving Food in Hamburg and St. Petersburg, https://www.deutsch-russisches-forum.de/deutsche-und-russische-initiativen-diskutieren-zum-thema-lebensmittel-retten-in-hamburg-und-st-petersburg/4020962, 10.07.2021.

German-Russian Forum (2021), German-Russian Forum E.V., https://www.deutsch-russisches-forum.de/ru, 10.07.2021.

Hachigian N., Pipa A. F., (2020), Can Cities Fix a Post-Pandemic World Order: An expert’s point, Foreignpolicy, https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/05/05/cities-post-pandemic-world-order-multilateralism, 1.07.2021.

Hamburg Invest (2020), Hamburg is the Industrial Metropolis par Excellence in Germany, https://www.hamburg-invest.com/branchen/2036938/industrie, 3.07.2021.

HK Hamburg (2020), St. Petersburg, https://www.hk24.de/produktmarken/beratung-service/international/laenderinformationen/europa/russland/st-petersburg-1166960, 10.07.2021.

HSE (2021), HSE International Partners, National Research University Higher School of Economics, https://ico.hse.ru/partners, 10.07.2021.

IFR (1997), Protocol of Intent between St. Petersburg and Nice, 22.09.1997, Institut Francais Russie, https://www.institutfrancais.ru/sites/default/files/fichiers_uploade/docs/cooperation_decentralisee_ru.pdf, 10.07.2021.

Insee.fr (2018), Nationality and Immigration in 2018 Population Census, National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies, https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/5395869?sommaire=5395920, 10.07.2021.

Izvestia (2021), Beglov Confirmed the Holding of the “Scarlet Sails” Holiday in Full-time Format, https://iz.ru/1165572/2021-05-18/beglov-podtverdil-provedeniia-prazdnika-alye-parusa-v-ochnom-formate, 2.07.2021.

Landesrecht Hamburg (1952), Constitution of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, http://www.landesrecht-hamburg.de/jportal/portal/page/bshaprod.psml?showdoccase=1&st=lr&doc.id=jlr-VerfHArahmen&doc.part=X&doc.origin=bs, 3.07.2021.

Métropole Nice Côte d’Azur (2018), The Nice Côte d’Azur Metropolis is Exported internationally!, https://www.nicecotedazur.org/actualite/2018/01/05/la-m%C3%A9tropole-nice-c%C3%B4te-d-azur-s-exporte-%C3%A0-l-international, 10.07.2021.

Navigator (2021), Education and Science: St. Petersburg, Navigator on State Websites of St. Petersburg, http://studyinspb.ru/ru/present/education_and_science, 3.07.2021.

NDR (2020), Hamburg – the Gateway to the World, Norddeutscher Rundfunk, https://www.ndr.de/ratgeber/reise/hamburg/index.html, 2.07.2021.

Nice Cote d’Azur (2018), Order Amending the Status of the Metropole Nice Cote d’Azur, 7.11.2018, https://www.nicecotedazur.org/uploads/media_items/arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9-pr%C3%A9fet-statuts-nca-novembre-2018.original.pdf, 2.07.2021.

Novaya Gazeta (2020), St. Petersburg Officials did not Dare to Accept Hamburg’s Help in the Fight Against Coronavirus, https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2020/05/22/85480-ne-pobratim-ty-mne, 10.07.2021.

Offener Haushaltsplan (2019–2020), Budget 2019–2020 of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, https://offenerhaushalt.de/haushalt/HH/Hamburg/embed/#/einzelplan?Berichtsjahr=2020&Erl%C3%B6se_Kosten=Erl%C3%B6se&Werttyp=Plan, 3.07.2021.

Olympus (2020), Milestone for the Hamburg-Jenfeld Site: Olympus Moves into New Factory Building, https://www.olympus.de/company/de/news/pressemitteilungen/2020-07-22t15-09-38/meilenstein-f%C3%BCr-den-standort-hamburg-jenfeld-olympus-zieht-in-werksneubau-ein.html, 2.07.2021.

Parthes V. (2020), The Corona Crisis and International Relations: Open Questions, Tentative Assumptions, Stiftung Wissenschaft and Politik, https://www.swp-berlin.org/en/publication/the-corona-crisis-and-international-relations-open-questions-tentative-assumptions, 3.07.2021.

RBC (2015), Russia will Hold an Alternative to the Cannes Film Festival in Nice, https://style.rbc.ru/impressions/571638809a79472acdb34aaf, 10.07.2021.

Regnum (2004), Nice City Hall Intends to Establish Economic Relations with St. Petersburg, https://regnum.ru/news/228182.html, 9.07.2021.

RFI (2012), Days of France in St. Petersburg, https://www.rfi.fr/ru/rossiya/20120428-dni-frantsii-v-sankt-peterburge, 10.07.2021.

RFU (2021), About the Russian-French University, http://rfu-ufr.org/o-rfu/obshchaya-informatsiya, 10.07.2021.

RF Federation Council (2018), Russia and France: Restoring Trust through Parliamentary Dialogue, Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, http://council.gov.ru/media/files/3BrYfEfFb97OlmmWAaIQOkes3HtErkr8.pdf, 9.07.2021.

RF MID (2011), Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the French Republic on Promoting Cooperation between the Territorial Entities of the Russian Federation and the French Republic, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, https://www.mid.ru/foreign_policy/international_contracts/2_contract/-/storage-viewer/bilateral/page-1/44757?_storageviewer_WAR_storageviewerportlet_advancedSearch=false&_storageviewer_WAR_storageviewerportlet_keywords=%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&_storageviewer_WAR_storageviewerportlet_fromPage=search&_storageviewer_WAR_storageviewerportlet_andOperator=1, 9.07.2021.

RF MID (2015), Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the French Republic on Mutual Recognition of Education, Qualifications and Academic Degrees, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, https://www.mid.ru/foreign_policy/international_contracts/2_contract/-/storage-viewer/bilateral/page-1/43821?_storageviewer_WAR_storageviewerportlet_advancedSearch=false&_storageviewer_WAR_storageviewerportlet_keywords=%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&_storageviewer_WAR_storageviewerportlet_fromPage=search&_storageviewer_WAR_storageviewerportlet_andOperator=1, 10.07.2021.

RF MID (2021), About the Opening Ceremony of the Cross Year of Interregional Cooperation between Russia and France, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, https://www.mid.ru/ru/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/4646548, 10.07.2021.

RF State Duma (1993), The Constitution of the Russian Federation, the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, 12.12.1993, with changes from 1.07.2020, http://duma.gov.ru/news/48953, 3.07.2021.

SalaireMoyen.com (2020), Reliable salary information in France, https://www.salairemoyen.com/salaire-ville-06088-nice.html, 2.07.2021.

Shildt A. (2017), The city partnership Hamburg–Leningrad (St. Petersburg), Goethe Institut, https://www.goethe.de/ins/ru/de/kul/arc/2017/blockade/20912670.html?forceDesktop=1, 9.07.2021.

Spb-hh.de (2020), The Twin Cities of St. Petersburg and Hamburg Discussed Online the Specifics of the Work of Personnel Departments During the Spread of Coronavirus Infection, Information and Economic Center Government of St. Petersburg, http://spb-hh.de/de/news/goroda-pobratimi-sankt-peterburg-i-gamburg-obsudili-v-rezhime-on-lain-osobennosti-raboti-kadrovih-po, 10.07.2021.

Statistica (2020), Disposable Income of Private Households per Inhabitant in Germany by Länder, https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/255174/umfrage/verfuegbares-einkommen-privater-haushalte-je-einwohner-in-den-bundeslaendern, 3.07.2021.

The Committee for Culture of SPb (2020), the International Festival “Children’s Petersburg” will be Held for the First Time in an Online Format, the Committee for Culture of St. Petersburg, https://spbculture.ru/ru/press-office/announcements/311230, 9.07.2021.

The Committee on External Relations of SPb (2021), St. Petersburg and Nice Exchanged Experience in Combating the COVID-19 Coronavirus Infection, the Committee on External Relations of St. Petersburg, http://kvs.spb.ru/news/54939/?category=187, 10.07.2021.

The Year Russia-France 2010 (2010), The Program of the Year of Russia-France – 2010, The Official Website of the Year Russia-France 2010, https://web.archive.org/web/20100617045113/http://www.ambafrance-ru.org/france_russie/spip.php?article7956, 9.07.2021.

Ville de Nice (2015), A Triumph for the Ballet de Nice Méditerranée in Performance at the Mikhalovsky Opera in Saint Petersburg, https://www.nice.fr/fr/actualites/nice-a-l-heure-de-saint-petersbourg?type=articles, 10.07.2021.

Ville de Nice (2020), Budget 2020, https://www.nice.fr/uploads/media/default/0001/21/Budget_VDN_2020.pdf, 2.07.2021.

Vlaeminck E. (2021), City Relations between Hamburg and Saint Petersburg: A State of Play, in: Pobratimstvo Gorodov: Sostayanie, vozmohnosti razvitiya, vyzovy, prioritety. Mezhdunarodnayanauchno-prakticheskaya konferentsiya. Moskva, Tyumen, 23-24 Aprelya 2021 g. – Sbornik statei, eds. O. S. Pustoshinksaya, G. Simons, V. V. Nikulenkova, Tyumen.

Walfmaier S. (2020), Cities in a Crisis: COVID-19 and Climate-Fragility Risks in Urban Environments, Climate Diplomacy, https://climate-diplomacy.org/magazine/environment/cities-crisis-covid-19-and-climate-fragility-risks-urban-environments, 3.07.2021.