Abstrakt
Afrykańska polityka znajduje się obecnie w punkcie zwrotnym, stojąc u progu wyborów, jakie w ciągu następnych dwunastu miesięcy zostaną przeprowadzone w wielu krajach tego kontynentu. Również w Demokratycznej Republice Konga (DRK) zaplanowano wybory prezydenckie w 2016 roku. Kraj popadł jednak w polityczny zamęt wobec pytania czy obecny prezydent, Joseph Kabila utoruje drogę pokojowej zmianie demokratycznej, czy też kraj stoczy się w pogłębiający się chaos i destabilizację, jeśli odmówi ustąpienia z urzędu. Artykuł przedstawia aktualną sytuację polityczną w DRK i ocenia wyzwania, wobec jakich kraj stoi na drodze do demokracji. Jego dalsza część poświęcona jest analizie ról, jakie w obecnym kryzysie odgrywają rozmaici aktorzy, tacy jak opozycja, społeczeństwo obywatelskie i społeczność międzynarodowa. Ostatnia część artykułu omawia możliwe scenariusze
wydarzeń w czasie przygotowań kraju do wyborów prezydenckich w listopadzie 2016 roku.
Bibliografia
An Election Crisis in Democratic Republic of Congo Could Mean War, 16.08.2015, “Geopolitical Monitor”, http://www.geopoliticalmonitor.com/an-election-crisis-in-democratic-republic-of-congocould-mean-war/, 14.10.2015.
Breaking up is hard to do: the DRC’s risky decentralization drive, 07.10.2015, “The National Law Review”, http://www.natlawreview.com/article/breaking-hard-to-do-drc-s-risky-decentralizationdrive# sthash.vw6RYbxN.dpuf, 13.10.2015.
Can Joseph Kabila cling to power?, 15.09.2015, “Inside Story, Aljazeera”, http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/insidestory/2015/09/joseph-kabila-cling-power-150915165952882.html, 16.10.2015.
Congo: Is Democratic Change Possible?, Africa Report No. 225, “International Crisis Group Report”, Brussels, 05.05.2015.
Congo-Kinshasa: Elections fever grips DRC stakeholders, 21.09.2015, “Allafrica.com”, http://allafrica.com/stories/201509211333.html, 16.10.2015.
Congo presidential election set for November 27, 2016: commission, 12.02.2015, “Reuters”, http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/02/12/us-congodemocratic-election-idUSKBN0LG28M201502 12#OaXMTAgqL4A7yRgG.97, 15.10.2015.
Congo’s future hinges on policy and law, 06.11.2015, “Business Day Live”, http://www.bdlive.co.za/opinion/2015/11/06/congos-future-hinges-on-policy-and-law>, 12.11.2015.
Congo’s Kabila names provincial commissioners as elections lag, 29.10.2015, “Reuters”, http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/10/29/uk-congodemocratic-politics-idUKKCN0SN- 2VM20151029, 09.11.2015.
Congo’s Opposition Coalescing to Stop Kabila from Extending Rule, 06.10.2015, “Bloomberg Business”, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-10-06/congo-s-opposition-coalescingto- stop-kabila-from-extending-rule, 24.10.2015.
Congo’s uncertain election, 06.11.2015, “Open Democracy”, https://www.opendemocracy.net/williamclowes/congo-s-uncertain-election, 02.11.2015.
Cost of Glencore unit’s suspension will complicate Congo’s elections, 26.10.2015, “Reuters”, http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/10/26/uk-congodemocratic-economy-glencore-idUKKCN- 0SK22I20151026, 03.11.2015.
Democratic Republic of Congo Extends Internet Blockage, 22.01.2015, “The Wall Street Journal”, http://www.wsj.com/articles/congo-blocks-internet-access-amid-protests-against-presidentkabila- 1421938042, 30.10.2015.
DR Congo electoral commission chief’s resignation sparks concern, 10.10. 2015, “Yahoo news”, http://news.yahoo.com/dr-congo-electoral-commission-chiefs-resignation-sparks-concern- 215037743.html, 02.11.2015.
DR Congo: political tensions ‘running high’ ahead of 2016 elections, UN officials warn, 07.10.2015, “UN News Centre”, http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52191#.VhaEPUIRrqQ, 15.10.2015.
DR Congo sets election date after protests, 1.02.2015, “BBC News”, http://www.bbc.com/news/worldafrica-31448143, 14.10.2015.
DRC Electoral Body Pleads Lack of Funds, 13.10.2015, “Voice of America”, http://www.voanews.com/content/democratic-republic-congo-electoral-body-pleads-lack-funds/3004596.html, 16.10.2015.
DRC Court Orders Review of Election Schedule, 08.09.2015, “Voice of America”, http://www.voanews.com/content/democratic-republic-congo-orders-review-election-schedule/2952811. html, 11.10.2015.
DRC’s Opposition Boycotts Senate, Dismisses Kabila’s Ploy to Stay in Power, 11.08.2015, “RFI English”, http://www.english.rfi.fr/africa/20150810-opposition-Democratic-Republic-Congo-DRC-boycott-senate-dismisses-kabila-ploy-stay-p, 13.10.2015.
DRC President Signs Legislation on Local Elections, 26.08.2015, “Voice of America”, http://www.voanews.com/content/democratic-republic-congo-president-signs-legislation-local-elections/2934236.html, 27.10.2015.
DRC’s Opposition Boycotts Senate, Dismisses Kabila’s Ploy to Stay in Power, 11.08.2015, “RFI English”, http://www.english.rfi.fr/africa/20150810-opposition-Democratic-Republic-Congo-DRC-boycott-senate-dismisses-kabila-ploy-stay-p, 16.10.2015.
DRC: The final countdown to the 2016 elections or just another transition?, 09.10.2015, “African Arguments”, http://africanarguments.org/2015/10/09/drc-the-final-countdown-to-the-2016- elections-or-just-another-transition, 13.10.2015.
Key DR Congo elections set to be delayed after court ruling, 08.09.2015, “Yahoo News”, http://news.yahoo.com/key-dr-congo-elections-set-delayed-court-ruling-173729149.html, 22.10.2015.
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President Obama Urges Peaceful DRC Elections, 06.04.2015, “Voice of America”, http://www.voanews.com/content/president-obama-urges-peaceful-drc-elections-that-respect-the-constitution/ 2708085.html, 15.10.2015.
Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, “United Nations Security Council”, S/2015/741, 28.09.2015.
Update 1-Congo polls must be delayed 2–4 years – ruling coalition spokesman, 31.10.2015, “Reuters”, http://af.reuters.com/article/drcNews/idAFL8N12V0P420151031, 04.11.2015.
Vice president of Congo elections commission resigns, 31.10.2015, “Reuters”, http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/10/31/us-congodemocratic-politics-idUSKCN0SP0KZ20151031, 05.11.2015.