Keywords
mutuality
attractiveness
How to Cite
Abstract
Influence is synonymous, and sometimes even perceived as equivalent, with power. While power is a relationship of authority and subordination, and hence the decisions of power are of a subordinating nature, influence does not stem from coercion or subordination. Another difference lies in the possibility of mutual interactions between the influencing entities. While a power wielder is of a concentrated nature (regardless of whether it is an individual or an authority comprised of many people), the influencing entities can also assume deconcentrated forms. There is a potential for mutual dependency. The voluntary nature of subordination should not be ignored. An influencing entity does not have at its disposal the array of decision enforcement instruments which are typical of power. Instead, it uses attractiveness, persuasion, social modelling, systems of values, etc.
References
Dokumenty:
Comparing Global Influence: China’s and U.S. Diplomacy, Foreign Aid, Trade, and Investment in the Developing World, CRS Report for Congres, August 15, 2008, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL34620.pdf.
Estimating the global economic and social impacts of counterfeiting and piracy, A Report Commissioned by Business to stop Counterfeiting and Piracy (BASP), February 2011, Desktop/Global%20Impacts%20-%20Final.pdf.
Responsibility to Protect, Report of the International Commission of Intervention and State Sovereignty, December 2001.
Opracowania:
Abbott K. W., Snidal D. (2000), Hard and Soft Law in International Governance, „International Organization”, vol. 54, no. 3, s. 421–456.
Acuña-Alfaro J. (2000), Domestic Politics Influence on State’s Activities in the International Arena, Spring 2000, https://doc-04-94-docsviewer.googleusercontent.com.
Ataman M. (2003), The Impact of Non-State Actors on World Politics: A Challenge to Nation-States, „Alternatives. Turkish Journal of International Relations”, vol. 2, no. 1, Fall 2003, s. 42–66.
Bauer S. (2004), Does bureaucracy really matter? The authority of intergovernmental treaty secretariats, Paper presented at the 45th Annual Convention of the International Studies Association Montréal (Quebec), Canada 17–20 March 2004.
Bollier D. (2003a), How the Internet Is Changing International Politics and Diplomacy, A Report of the Eleventh Annual Aspen Institute Roundtable on Information Technology, Washington DC.
Bollier D. (2003b), Internet Is Changing International Politics The Rise of Netpolitik. How the and Diplomacy, A Report of the Eleventh Annual Aspen Institute Roundtable on Information Technology, Washington DC.
Brehm J. W. (1966), A theory of psychological reactance, New York.
Burwell F. G. (1999), Transatlantic Cooperation and Influence: The Virtues Crisis and Compromise, Prepared for delivery at the European Community Association Studies meeting, June 5, 1999, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, https://doc-0g-94-docsviewer.googleusercontent.com.
Carnegie A. (2013), Instruments of Coercion: International Institutions and the Sites of Power in International Relations, August 5, 2013.
Chan-Olmsted S. (2001), Rivalry Through Alliances: Competitive Strategy In the Global Telecommunications Market, „European Management Journal”, January 2001.
Chirot D., Hall Th. D. (1982), World-System Theory, „Annual Review of Sociology”.
Cialdini R. ( 1996), Wywieranie wpływu na ludzi: teoria i praktyka, Gdańsk.
Clark A. M. (1995), Non-governmental organizations and their influence on international society, „Journal of International Affairs”, vol. 48, no. 2, s. 507–525.
Communication and social influence processes (1995), red. Ch. R. Berger, M. Burgoon, Michigan State University Press, East Lansing.
Crescenzi M. J. C. (2005.), Economic Interdependence and Conflict in World Politics, Lanham–Boulder–New York–Toronto–Oxford.
Cultural Impact on International Relations (2002), „Chinese Philosophical Studies”, vol. XX, red. Yu Xintian, Washington.
Davenport Ch. (1995), Assessing the Military’s Influence on Political Repression, „Journal of Political and Military Sociology”, vol. 23, Summer 1995, s. 119–144.
Deregulation and Interdependence in the Asia-Pacific Region (2000), red. T. Ito, A. O. Krueger, National Bureau of Economic Research, Chicago–London.
Doliński D. (2002), Wpływ społeczny a jakość życia, Wydawnictwo SWPS, Warszawa.
Dreher A., Sturm J.-E., Vreeland J. R. (2009), Development aid and international politics: does membership on the UN Security Council influence World Bank decisions?, Bond University, ePublications@Bond, http://epublications.bond.edu.au.
Dressel T. (2014), The Incremental Process of American Ascendance in the Middle East, Dickinson College, Dickinson Scholar Spring 5.18.2014.
Easterly W., Nann N., Satyanath S., Berger D. (2009), Commercial Imperialism? Political Influence and Trade During the Cold War, September 2009, https://doc-08-94-docsviewer.googleusercontent.com.
Finch N. (2009), Towards an Understanding of Cultural Influence on the International Practice of Accounting, „Journal of International Business and Cultural Studies”, vol. 2, no 1, s. 1–6, https://doc-14-94-docsviewer.googleusercontent.com.
Foot R. (2006), Chinese strategies in a US-hegemonic global order: accommodating and hedging, „International Affairs”, vol. 84, no. 1, s. 77–94.
Fox J. (2001), The Multiple Impacts of Religion on International Relations: Perceptions and Reality, ”International Studies Review”, vol. 3, Issue 3, s. 53–73, https://libraryoflights.files.wordpress.com.
Fox J., Sandler S. (2004), Bringing Religion into International Relations, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
Friedkin N. E. (1998), A structural theory of social influence, Cambridge.
Garfield Gettell G. (1922), Influences on World Politics, „The Journal of International Relations”, vol. 12, no. 3 (January 1922), s. 320–330.
Gartzke E. (2009), The Relevance of Power in International Relations, 20 November 2009, https://bc.sas.upenn.edu/system/files/Gartzke_03.04.10.pdf.
Goldstein J. L., Rivers D., Tomz M. (2007), Institutions in International Relations: Understanding the Effects of the GATT and the WTO on World Trade, „International Organizations”, vol. 61, Winter 2007, s. 37.67.
Goodman R., Jinks D. (2004), How to influence States: Socialization and International Human Rights, „Duke Law Journal”, vol. 54, no. 3, December, s. 621–703.
Gray S. J. (1988), Towards a Theory of Cultural Influence on the Development of Accounting Systems Internationally, „Abacus”, vol. 24. Issue 1, s. 1–15.
Green J. F., Hale Th. (2015), The Study and Practice of Global Environmental Politics: Policy Influence through Participation, Prepared for the TRIP Strengthening the Links Conference 14–16 January 2015, Williamsburg.
Hall G. O. (2014), Authority, Ascendancy and Supremacy. China, Russia and the United States’ Pursuit of Relevancy and Power, Routledge, New York–London.
Hart J. (1974), Structures of Influence and Cooperation-Conflict, „International Interactions”, vol. 1, s. 141–162.
Haynes J. (2001), Transnational religious actors and international politics, „Third World Quarterly”, vol. 22, no. 2, s. 143–158.
Hast S. (2007), International Order, the Concept of Sphere of Influence and Russian Discourses, NISA Conference: Power, Vision, and Order in World Politics University of Southern Denmark, 23–25 May 2007.
Hast S. (2014), Spheres of Influence in International Relations. History, Theory and Politics, Ashgate Publishing Limited, Farnham–Burlington.
Holsti K. J. (1977), International Politics, A Framework for Analysis, Englewood Cliffs.
Jefferson K. W. (2002), Christianity’s Impact on World Politics. Not by Might, Nor by Power, New York–Bern–Berlin–Bruxelles–Frankfurt/M.–Oxford–Wien.
Jönsson Ch., Tallberg J. (2008), Institutional Theory in International Relations, w: Debating institutionalism, red. J. Pierre, G. Peters, G. Stoker, Manchester University Press, article 5.
Kaplan M. (1974), The power structure in international relations, „International Social Science Journal”, vol. XXVI, no. 1, s. 99–102.
Kay C., Gwynne R. N. (2001), Relevance of Structuralist and Dependency Theories in the Neoliberal Period: A Latin American Perspective, „Journal of Developing Societies”, vol. 17, Issue 2, s. 49–69.
Krieger-Boden Ch., Morgenroth E., Petrakos G. (2008), The Impact of European Integration on Regional Structural Change and Cohesion, Routledge, London–New York.
Kruusvall J. (1994), Environmental and social influence on human activity, Tartu.
Lacina B. (2010), Local political rivalry, bargaining, and civil conflict, Paper presented at annual conference of the American Political Science Association, September 2010, August 29.
Lazer D. (2006), Global and Domestic Governance: Modes of Interdependence in Regulatory Policymaking, „European Law Journal”, vol. 12, no. 4, July, s. 455–468.
Lazer D. (2001), Regulatory interdependence and international governance, „Journal of European Public Policy”, vol. 8, no. 3, Special Issues, s. 474–492.
Leeds B. A. (1999), Domestic Political Institutions Credible Commitments and International Cooperation, „American Journal of Political Science”, vol. 43, no. 4, s. 979–1002.
Mansfield E. D., Pollins B. M. (2006), Interdependence and Conflict: An Introduction, w: Economic Interdependence and International Conflict. New Perspectives on an Enduring Debate, red. E. D. Mansfield, B. M. Pollins, The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, s. 1–30.
Martinez-Vela C. A. (2001), World Systems Theory, ESD.83 – Fall 2001, http://web.mit.edu/esd.
Martins Oliveira da Silva Nogueira C. (2009), The Influence of International Factors in the Process of Democratization, „Brazilian Political Science Review”, vol. 3, no. 1, s. 172–179.
McFaul M., Magen A., Stoner-Weiss K. (2007), Evaluating International Influences on Democratic Transitions: Concept Paper, Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law, Stanford, https://doc-0g-94-docsviewer.googleusercontent.com.
Michener A. H., Burt M. R. (2008), Legitimacy as a Base of Social Influence, w: Social Power and Political Influence, red. J. T. Tedeschi, New Brunswick–New Jersey, s. 310–348.
Mosser M. W. (2001), Engineering Influence: The Subtile Power of Small States in the CSCE/OSCE, w: Small States and Alliances, red. E. Reiter, H. Gärtner, Springer-Verlag, Berlin–Heidelberg, http://www.unserheer.at/pdf_pool/publikationen/05_small_states_07.pdf, s. 53–71.
Newman A. L., Posner E. (2010), International interdependence and regulatory power: Authority, mobility, and markets, „European Journal of International Relations”, vol. 17, no. 4, s. 589–610.
Newman A. L., Posner E. (2015), Putting the EU in Its Place: Policy Strategies and the Global Regulatory Context, „Journal of European Public Policy”.
NGO Diplomacy: The Influence of Nongovernmental Organizations in International Environmental Negotiations (2008), MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Nieto N. (2012), The influence of emerging economies in International Affairs, „Estudos Avançados”, vol. 26, no. 75, São Paulo May/August.
Nooruddin I., Lockwood Payton A. (2010), Dynamics of influence in international politics: The ICC, BIAs, and economic sanctions, „Journal of Peace Research”, vol. 47, no. 6, s. 711–721.
Nweke E. N. (2012), Diplomacy in Era of Digital Governance: Theory and Impact, „Information and Knowledge Management”, vol. 2, no. 3, s. 22–26.
O’Neill K., Balsiger J., Van Deveer S. D. (2004), Actors, Norms and Impact: Recent International Cooperation Theory and the Influence of the Agent-Structure Debate, „Annual Review of Political Science”, vol. 7, June, s. 149–175.
Petras J. (1981), Dependency and World System Theory: A Critique and New Directions, „Latin American Perspective”, vol. 8, no. 3–4, Late Summer Autumne, s. 148–155.
Politics of Representative Bureaucracy. Power, Legitimacy and Perfotmance (2015), red. B. Guy Peters, P. von Maravić, E. Schröter, Cheltenham.
Potyrała A. (2010), Współpraca państw z międzynarodowymi trybunałami karnymi a suwerenność: studium politologiczno-prawne, Poznań.
Power, Interdependency and Nonstate Actors in World Politics (2009), red. H. V. Milner, A. Moravcsik, Princeton University Press.
Rojas R. (2001), International capital: a threat to human dignity and life on planet earth 1, http://www.academia.edu/8185348.
Roper S. D., Barria L. A. (2008), State Co-operation and International Criminal Court Bargaining Influence in the Arrest and the Surrender of Suspects, „Leiden Journal of International Law”, vol. 21, s. 457–476.
Ross D., Makovsky D. (2009), Myths, Illusions, and Peace: Finding a New Direction for America in the Middle East, Johannesburg.
Routledge Handbook of Religion and Politics (2009), red. J. Haynes, Routledge, New York.
Russett B. (2011), Hegemony and Democracy, Abingdon.
Russett B., Starr H., Kinsella D. (1981), World Politics: The Menu for Choise, San Francisco.
Sartori A. E. (2006), Leadership Incentives, International Rivalry, and War, August 16, https://doc-0g-94-docsviewer.googleusercontent.com.
Schunz S. (2010), How to Assess the European Union’s Influence in International Affairs: Addressing a Major Conceptual Challenge for EU Foreign Policy Analysis, „Journal of Contemporary European Research”, vol. 6, Issue 1, s. 22–42.
Scott J. (2006), Władza, Warszawa.
Smith Ph. A. (2010), Dependency Theories and the Icelandic Pension Crisis, „Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences”, Vol. 2, no. 1, s. 446–454.
Social influence (1987), red. M. P. Zanna, J. M. Olson, C. P. Herman, L. Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, N.J.
Social Theory Today (1987), red. A. Giddens, J. Turner, Stanford.
Sowers T. E., Hensel P. R. (2002), Political Shocks, Evolution, and the Origins of Interstate Rivalry, Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Studies Association, New Orleans, 26 March 2002.
Spencer B. J., Brander J. A. (1983), International R&D Rivalry and Industrial Strategy, „The Review of Economic Studies”, vol. 50, Issue 4, October, s. 707–722.
Stoessinger J. (1973), The Might of Nations, New York.
Thorhallson B. (2012), Small States in the UN Security Council: Means of Influence?, „The Hague Journal of Diplomacy”, no. 7, s. 135–160.
Timuş N. (2007), The Influence of European Integration Process outside EU borders, GARNET Working Paper, no. 27/07 November 2007, https://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/garnet/workingpapers/2707.pdf.
Turner J. (1991), Social influence, Brooks/Cole, Pacific Grove, Calif.
Uka Uche L. (1994), Some Reflections on the Dependency Theory, „Africa Media Review”, vol. 8, no. 2, s. 39–55.
Vachudova M. A. (2006), Democratization in Postcommunist Europe: Illiberal Regimes and the Leverage of International Actors, Center for European Studies Working Paper Series #139, https://doc-0c-94-docsviewer.googleusercontent.com.
Vachudovà M. A. (2001), The Leverage of International Institutions on Democratizing States: Eastern Europe and the European Union, Robert Schuman Center for Advanced Studies, RSC no. 2001/33.
Valeriano B. (2003), The Steps to Rivalry: Power Politics and Rivalry Formation, Nashville, Tennessee, August, http://tigger.uic.edu/~bvaler/Valeriano%20Dissertation%20-%20Steps%20to%20Rivalry.pdf.
Vreeland J. R. (2004), The International and Domestic Politics of IMF Programs, 13 November, Paper prepared for the Reinventing Bretton Woods Committee and World Economic Forum conference on The Fund’s Role in Emerging Markets: Reassessing the Adequacy of its Resources and Lending Facilities. Amsterdam, November 18–19, De Nederlandsche Bank, Westeinde 1.
Westcott N. (2008), Digital Diplomacy: The Impact of the Internet on International Relations, Oxford Internet Institute, Research Report 16, July.
Willets P. (2011), Non-Governmental Organizations in World Politics: The construction of global governance, Routledge, New York.
Zimbardo P. G. (2004), Psychologia zmiany postaw i wpływu społecznego, Poznań.
Zimbardo P. G., Leippe M. R. (1991), The psychology of attitude change and social influence, New York.
Wydawnictwa encyklopedyczne:
Encyklopedia socjologii, suplement (2009), red. W. Kwaśniewicz, A. Kojder, Warszawa.