Abstract
Terrorism today entails a wide range of diverse threats. Currently, the most dangerous such threats are posed by ‘the “Islamic State” (IS). The aim of this paper is to identify the key factors for the dramatic rise of the “Islamic State” to power and significance. Its success has been the sum total of a number of diverse and mutually linked factors. Those fall into the two categories of endogenic reasons associated with the activities undertaken by the “Islamic State” and the exogenic factors, which apply to various developments and processes which have also contributed to IS advancement. Despite the “Islamic State” s loss of influence and resources, it is bound to continue to destabilize the international scene and pose a security threat for years to come. One should therefore give priority to learning about the reasons behind its success as such knowledge may help not only defeat IS but also prevent other Islamic and terrorist organizations from rising to power in the future.
References
Brisard J., Martinez D. (2016), Islamic State: The Economy-Based Terrorist Funding, Thomson Reuters Accelus, www.risk.thomsonreuters.com, 26.01.2016.
Byman D. (2016), Comparing Al Qaeda and IS: Different goals, different targets, www.brookings.edu, 10.01.2016.
Comby J. (2016), Zagrożenie ze strony IS większe niż stwarzane przez Al-Kaidę, http://wiadomosci.wp.pl (13.03.2016).
Dawn M. (2014), ISIS: And Its Hostages ISIL/Islamic State/Daesh, Createspace.
Hall B. (2015), Inside ISIS. The Brutal Rise of a Terrorist Army, New York.
Global Terrorism Index 2015, Measuring and Understanding the Impact of Terrorism, Institute for Economics & Peace, www.economicsandpeace.org, 18.01.2016.
Gaier M. (2016), From Local Actor to Global Threat, The So-Called Islamic State (IS) in Iraq and Syria, „Konrad-Adenauer Stiftung International Reports, The Globalisation of Terrorism”, no. 1.
Laurent S. (2014), Kalifat terroru. Kulisy działania Islamic State, Warszawa.
McCants W. (2015), The IS Apocalypse: The History, Strategy, and Doomsday Vision of the Islamic State, New York.
Mironova V. ( 2016), Understanding the Changing Tactics of so-called Islamic State, „NATO Review Magazine”, 15.04.2016, www.nato.int, 17.06.2016.
Niemiecki wywiad ostrzega przed zamachami. “Zagrożenie islamskim terroryzmem większe niż w 2001 roku”, www.newsjs.com, 17.03.2016.
ONZ: Już 34 ugrupowania ekstremistyczne przysięgły wierność Państwu Islamskiemu, wiadomości, wiadomości.wp.pl, 17.03.2016.
Osiewicz P. (2014), Zmiany społeczno-polityczne w państwach arabskich po 2010 roku: krytyczna analiza stosowanych pojęć, “Przegląd Politologiczny”, no. 1.
Park B. (2014), Five Reasons why Islamic State will be Hard to Destroy, „The Telegraph”, 15.08.2014.
Relations between the European Union 2011 – determinants, areas of co-operation and prospects (2015), eds. A. Potyrała, B. Przybylska-Maszner, S. Wojciechowski, Berlin.
Wejkszner A. (2010), Ewolucja terroryzmu motywowanego ideologią religijną na przykładzie salafickiego ruchu globalnego dżihadu, Poznań.
Wejkszner A. (2016), Państwo Islamskie. Narodziny nowego kalifatu?, Warszawa.
Wojciechowski S. (2013), The Hybridity of Terrorism. Understanding Contemporary Terrorism, Berlin.
Wojciechowski S., Siadkowski A. (2014), Understanding Contemporary Terrorism and Counterterrorism, Dąbrowa Górnicza.