Hard power dismisses soft power - the United States’ relations with the Iranian Islamie Republic in the shadow of the nuclear program
PDF

Keywords

hard power
soft power
United States
Iran
sanctions
nuclear program
terrorism

How to Cite

Fiedler, R. (2018). Hard power dismisses soft power - the United States’ relations with the Iranian Islamie Republic in the shadow of the nuclear program. Przegląd Politologiczny, (3), 27–38. https://doi.org/10.14746/pp.2013.18.3.2

Abstract

In the paper a correlation between hard and soft policy in relations between Iran and US is shown. These two states share a negative heritage (hostage crisis, US interference in Iranian politics, terrorism and nuclear program). Washington has decided to use hard policy methods against Iran, through numerous sanctions, without any effect in changing Iranian behaviour. The ignored sphere of soft policy is presented in the article, upon which America and Iran could achieve much more.

https://doi.org/10.14746/pp.2013.18.3.2
PDF

References

Akbarzadeh S. (2005), Where is the Islamie Republic oflran heading?, “Australian Journal of International Affairs”, 59/1.

Akbarzadeh S. (2011). Democracy Promotion versus Engagement with Iran, “Journal of Contemporary Asia”, 41/3.

Bill J. M. (1980), The Eagle and the Lion.

Elson S. B., Nader A. (2011), What Do Iranians Think? A Survey o f Attitudes on the United States, the Nuclear Program, and the Economy, Rand Corporation.

Fayazmanesh S. (2008), The United States and Iran. Sanctions, wars and the policy o f dual containment.

Fiedler R. (2008), Iran - State Sponsor ofTerrorism and its Nuclear Ambitions, in: The Terrorists Pandoras Box. Analysis o f Chosen Terrorist Issues, eds. J. Babiak, S. Wojciechowski.

Golshanpazhooh M. R. (2013), A Directive for Maintaining Positive Atmosphere in lran-US Relations, http://www.iranreview.org/content/Documents/A-Directive-for-Maintaining-Positive-Atmosphere-in-Iran-US-Relations.htm, 06.2013.

Halevi Y. K., Michael Oren B. (2007), Israels WorstNightmare, “New Republic”, February 5,2007.

Hanson B. (1983), The “Westoxication” oflran: Depictions and Reactions ofBehrangi, ale-e Ahmad, and Shariati, “International Journal of Middle East Studies”, 15, no. 1, February 1983.

Kattan A. (2013), Fact Sheet: Iran Sanctions, The Center for Arms Control and Non Proliferation, http://armscontrolcenter.org/issues/iran/articles/fact_sheet_iran_sanctions/, 07.2013.

Keohane R. O., Nye J. S. (1998), Power and Interdependence in the Information Age, “Foreign Affairs”, September-October 1998.

Lagon M. P. (2011), The Value o f Values: Soft Power under Obama, “World Affairs” September/October 2011, http://www.worldafTairsjoumal.org/article/value-values-soft-power-under-obama, 06.2013.

Lubna A. (2008), Historie US-Iran Relations: RevisitingIdeology and Geostrategy, “Pakistan Journal of American Studies”, vol. 26, Nos. 1 & 2, Spring & Fali 2008.

Mohaddessin M. (2004), Enemies o f the Ayatollahs the Iranian Opposition and its War on Islamie Fundamentalism.

Nye J- S. (2002), The Paradox o f American Power- Why the World s Only Superpower Can ’t Go It Alone.

Nye J. S. (2004), Soft Power: The Means To Success In World Politics.

Perkovich G. (2003), Dealing with Iran ’s Nuclear Challenge.

Pollack K. M. (2004), The Persian Puzzle. The Conflict between Iran and America.

Sanger D., Broad W. (2010), Iran Remains De?ant, Nuclear Agency Says, “The New York Times”, 6 September, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/07/world/middleeast/07nuke.html, 06.2013.’

Takyeh R. (2007), Hidden Iran. Paradox in the Islamie Republic.

Thrall T. (2007), How the Reagan Administration Taught Iran the Wrong Lessons, “The Middle East Review of International Affairs”, vol. 11, no. 2, June 2007 http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2007/issue2/jv1lno2a5.html#_edn36, 04.2013.

WhitakerB. (2002), The strange affair o f Karinę A, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/ian/21/israell, 06.2013.

Worth R. (2009), Dissidents Mass in Tehran to Subvert an Anti-U.S Rally, “The New York Times”, 4 November, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/ll/05/world/middleeast/05iran.html, 06.2013.