Abstrakt
The present paper concerns studies on innovative communication and propaganda strategies of the main jihadist group called “the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria” (ISIS). In fact, media and Internet agitations enabled to reinforce ideological and operational influences of that organization and they affected different militants in the world who joined the battlefield in Syria and Iraq or carried out terrorist attacks in the West. Analysis of propaganda techniques reflects the following topics: liturgical speeches, official media channels, social medias and encrypted communication. Besides, the research demonstrates different audiences of ISIS communication strategy, which aims at affecting emotions and at stimulating opinions and reactions. The indoctrination concerns traditional, liturgical speeches delivered in Arabic by ISIS leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi who targets local populations in mosques. Moreover, it also reflects new technologies such as radio and TV stations, official websites or social medias that include sophisticated programs, high quality pictures, graphics and videos. However, the paper also deals with some advanced computer and Internet technologies, which enable to protect identities of jihadists who follow important conversations about ISIS objectives.
Bibliografia
Ajroudi A. (2015), It sounds like BBC: ISIS seeks legitimacy via caliphate radio service, “Al-Arabiya News”, 12.06.2015, http://english.alarabiya.net/en/media/television-and-radio/2015/06/12/-It-sounds-like-BBC-ISIS-seeks-legitimacy-via-caliphate-radio-service-.html (10.11.2015).
Astorino-Courtois A., Canna S. et all. (2015), ISIL Influence and Resolve, “Special Operations Command Central - SOCCENT, A Strategic Multi-Layer (SMA) Periodic Publication”, September 2015.
Callimachi R., Yardley J. (2015), From Amateur to Ruthless Jihadist in France, “The New York Times”, 17.01.2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/18/world/europe/paris-terrorismbrothers-said-cherif-kouachi-charlie-hebdo.html (10.11.2015).
Daninos F. (2015), Internet, armedepersuasion massive, “Hors-Serie science etavenir’’, Juillet-Aout 2015.
Feakin T., Wilkinson B. (2015), The future ofjihad What next fo r ISIL and al-Qaeda?, “Strategic Insight, Australian Strategic Policy Institute”, June 2015.
Gray R. (1975), The Cambridge history ofAfrica, Vol. 4, Cambridge. Hannah Strange H. (2014), Islamic State leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi addresses Muslims in Mosul, “The Telegraph”, 5.07.2014, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10948480/Islamic-State-leader-Abu-Bakr-al-Baghdadi-addresses-Muslims-in-Mosul.html (09.11.2015).
i24 News (2015), http://www.i24news.tv/ar/أخبار/middle-east/90968-151031تنفيأدى الى مقتل 224 شخصا في سيناء وروسياداعش يتبنى إسقاط الطائرة الروسية الذي
Irish J., Vidalon D. (2015), France launches air strikes against Islamic State in Syria, “Reuters’’, 27.09.2015, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-france-syria-idUSKCN0RR07Y20150927#eReZqrtooLY13th4.97 (14.05.2016).
Jihadology (2015), http://jihadology.net/category/dabiq-magazine/ (9.11.2015).
Khan V., Watts B. et al. (2015), Massive Migration to Telegram, the new Jihadist Destination, “TRAC Insight’’, 30.10.2015, http://www.trackingterrorism.org/chatter/trac-insight-massive-migration-telegram-new-jihadist-destination (14.05.2016).
Khomami N. (2016), Brussels explosions: what we know so far, “The Guardian”, 22.03.2016, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/22/brussels-attacks-what-we-know-so-far (14.05.2016).
Koplowitz H. (2013), US Formally Admits Killing Anwar Al-Awlaki, 3 Other Citizens, In Drone Strikes, “International Business Times”, 22.05.2013, http://www.ibtimes.com/us-formallyadmits-killing-anwar-al-awlaki-3-other-citizens-drone-strikes-full-text-1275805 (29.06.2014).
Linda Jones L. (2012), The Power o f oratory in the medieval Muslim world, Cambridge.
Munir R. (2005), Al-Khitaba ‘ind al-’arab, Bayrut.
Patrick Gaffney P. (1994), The Prophet's pulpit, Berkeley.
Robson S. (2016), RAFfoiled ISIS airline terror plot to bomb four UK cities after cracking pop song code, “The Mirror”, 24.01.2016, http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/raf-foiled-isis-airline-terror-7236025 (14.05.2016).
RudnerM. (2016), Electronic Jihad: The Internet as Al-Qaeda’s Catalyst fo r Global Terror, w: Violent Extremism Online New Perspectives on Terrorism and the Internet, (eds.) A. Aly, S. Macdonald et all., London.
Smith D. (2015), ISIS is encouraging followers to download this popular messaging app, “Tech Insider’’, 18.11.2015, http://www.techinsider.io/isis-to-followers-download-telegram-2015-11 (14.05.2016).
Strange H. (2014), Islamic State leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi addresses Muslims in Mosul, “The Telegraph”, 5.07.2014, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10948480/Islamic-State-leader-Abu-Bakr-al-Baghdadiaddresses-Muslims-in-Mosul.html (09.11.2015).
Twitter (2015), www.twitter.com/ss20y4_zz/status/5529008774030454784 (20.01.2015).
Vidino L., Hughes S. (2015), ISIS in America: from Retweets toRaqqa, “The Program on Extremism”, Washington.
Webb S. (2016), ISIS launch their own TV channel complete with its own weather reports, “The Mirror”, 25.01.2016, http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/isis-launch-tv-channel-complete-7239984 (14.05.2016).
Zetter K. (2015), ISIS’s Opsec manual reveals how it handles cybersecurity, “Wired”, November, 19.11.2015, http://www.wired.com/2015/11/isis-opsec-encryption-manuals-reveal-terroristgroup-security-protocols/ (19.11.2015).
Licencja
Teksty opublikowane na łamach czasopisma "Przegląd Strategiczny" i udostępniane w formacie PDF objęte są licencją CC BY 4.0 (Creative Commons - Uznanie autorstwa). Kopiowanie i rozpowszechnianie dozwolone jest pod warunkiem uznania autorstwa.