Słowa kluczowe
centralizm
regionalizm
samorząd
Ukraina
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Abstrakt
Celem badania jest analiza scenariuszy rozwoju polityki regionalnej na Ukrainie w obliczu sprzeciwu wobec trendów decentralizacji i centralizacji. Głównym problemem jest ustalenie strukturalnej kompletności reformy decentralizacji na Ukrainie, która powinna obejmować wdrożenie decentralizacji administracyjno-terytorialnej, budżetowej i politycznej. Zadanie polega również na określeniu skuteczności decentralizacji, delegacji, dekoncentracji, deregulacji, dywersyfikacji, które są przejawami procesu decentralizacji i zbiorowego określania jakości reformy. Na podstawie metodologii analizy systemowej i pojęcia „równowagi relacji”, w artykule wykorzystano metodę historyczno-porównawczą w badaniu doskonalenia podejść do prowadzenia polityki publicznej oraz strukturalno-funkcjonalną metodę analizy systemu terytorialno-politycznego jako zdecentralizowanego i wielopoziomowego, w celu przedstawienia analizy równowagi wewnętrznych stosunków między poszczególnymi poziomami, oraz omówienia skuteczności reform, decentralizacji oraz trendów dalszego rozwoju. Prace wskazują, że od 2014 r. optymalizacja administracyjna i terytorialna oraz konsolidacja społeczności stały się głównym wynikiem reformy decentralizacyjnej. Dyskusja na temat decentralizacji politycznej jest niezwykle bolesna, podobnie jak próby rozwiązania konfliktu w Donbasie środkami politycznymi poprzez przyjęcie tzw. formuły Steinmeiera. Kryzys gospodarczy, który zbiegł się z pandemią, może spotęgować negatywne postrzeganie reformy, której rozwój jest możliwy w ramach trzech scenariuszy rozwoju: “euro-optymistycznego”, “bezwładnościowego” i “blokującego”.
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