Abstract
The baptism of Jesus and John, presented in the synoptic Gospels, shows it as an event full of the dynamics of the Spirit. It takes place according to the assumptions of each Gospel and the Acts of the Apostles. In the Gospel of Mark Jesus shares with humanity the same nature that has been subjected to sin. Baptism becomes the beginning of a new saving economy in which it is necessary to bear witness. The essential element of this testimony is the cross which all His disciples have to share with the Lord. The community on the one hand then needs baptism as a way to go out, and on the other, it is strengthened by the gift of the Spirit that leads to the testimony.
References
Barth G., Il battesimo in epoca protocristiana, Brescia 1987.
Bauer W., Danker F.W, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Chicago 2001.
Boismard M.-É., Le baptême chrétien selon le Nouveau Testament, Paris 2001.
Chantraine P., Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque. Histoire des mots, Paris 2009.
Ferguson E., Il battesimo nella Chiesa antica, t. I, Brescia 2014.
Hartmann L., “Baptism”, in: D. N. Freedman (ed.), The Anchor Bible Dictionary, Doubleday, New York – London – Toronto – Sydney – Auckland 1992, pp. 383-394.
Kaswalder P.A., Galilea terra della luce. Descrizione geografica, storica e archeologica di Galilea e Golan, Milano 2012;
Légasse S., Alle origini del battesimo: fondamenti biblici del rito cristiano, Cinisello Balsamo 1994.
Liddel H., Scott R., Jones H.S., Greek-English Lexicon, Oxford 1968.1973.
Merendino R.P., Testi anticotestamentari in Mk 1:2-8, “Riv Bibl It” 35 (1987) 3-25.
Metzger B., A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament, Stuttgart 2012.
Nida E.A., Louw J.P., Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, United Bible Societies 1999.
Quesnel M., Baptisés dans l’Esprit: Baptême et Esprit dans les Actes des Apôtres, Paris 1985.
Rocci L., Vocabolario Greco-Italiano 2011, Roma 2011.
Sacchi P., Storia del secondo tempio. Israele tra VI secolo a.C. e I secolo d.C., Torino 1994.
Tavardon P., Les métamorphoses de l’esprit: une exégèse du logion des deux baptêmes, Mt 3: 10-12 et parallèles, Paris 2002.
Vigne D., Christ au Jourdain: le baptême de Jésus dans la tradition judéo-chrétienne, Paris 1992.
Weigand P., οἶκος, in: H. Balz – G. Schneider (edd.), Dizionario Esegetico del Nuovo Testamento, vol. II, Brescia 1998.