Słowa kluczowe
Europa
USA
Rosja
wojna na Ukrainie
globalny system międzynarodowy
Jak cytować
Abstrakt
Celem tego artykułu jest ukazanie z perspektywy neorealizmu implikacji pozimnowojennego rozszerzenia NATO. Implikacje te należy widzieć na wielu poziomach: (a) bezpieczeństwa nowych członków Sojuszu Północnoatlantyckiego, (b) USA i spoistości NATO, (c) Rosji, (d) militaryzacji stosunków w Europie, (e) wybuchu wojny między Rosją a Ukrainą, oraz (f) globalnego systemu międzynarodowego. Wojna na Ukrainie – będąca efektem m.in. polityki rozszerzania NATO – jest wojną zastępczą Rosji z NATO o konsekwencjach globalnych, które przyspieszają rekonfigurację całego ładu międzynarodowego.
Bibliografia
Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Ukraine (2023), Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, Washington DC, https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/ukraine/.
Active engagement, modern defence: Strategic concept for the defence and security of the members of the North Atlantic treaty organization (2010), Adopted by Heads of States and Government at the NATO Summit in Lisbon 10–20 November 2010, NATO, Brussels.
Allisson G. (2017), Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides’s Trap?, Houghton Mifflin Hardcourt, Boston.
Glaser C. L. (1997), The security dilemma revisited, “World Politics”, vol. 50, no. 1, ss. 171–201. Golkar S., Aarabi K. (2023), The Real Motivation Behind Iran’s Deal With Saudi Arabia, “Foreign DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887100014763
Policy”, April 6.
Haass R., Kupchan Ch. (2023), The West Needs a New Strategy in Ukraine: A Plan for Getting From the Battlefield to the Negotiating Table, “Foreign Affairs”, April 13.
Hamilton D. S., Spohr K. (red.) (2019), Open Door: NATO and Euro-Atlantic Security After the Cold War, Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies Johns Hopkins University / Henry A. Kissinger Center for Global Affairs, Johns Hopkins University SAIS, Washington DC.
Han Z., Yuwei H. (2023), Global Security Initiative revisited at Boao, highlights Chinese wisdom and leadership in turbulent world, “Global Times”, March 29, https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202303/1288209.shtml.
Herz J. H. (1950), Idealist internationalism and the security dilemma, “World Politics”, vol. 2, no. 2, ss. 158–180. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2009187
Itzkowitz Shifrinson J. R. (2016), Deal or no deal? The end of Cold War and the U.S. offer to limit NATO expansion, “International Security”, vol. 40, no. 4, ss. 7–44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/ISEC_a_00236
Jervis R. (1978), Cooperation under security dilemma, “World Politics”, vol. 30, no. 2, ss. 167–214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2009958
Караганов С. (2023), Тяжкое, но необходимое решение: Применение ядерного оружия может уберечь человечество от глобальной катастрофы, „Россия в глобальной политике”, 06.13, https://globalaffairs.ru/.
Khudoley K. (2022), New Russia-West confrontation: War of attrition or escalation?, “Strategic Analysis”, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09700161.2022.2149980
Kennan G. F. (1997), A Fateful Error, “New York Times”, February 5.
Laruelle M. (2023), Rozbiory Rosji? Niemądry pomysł, „Przegląd”, nr 6, 30 stycznia.
Layne Ch. (2018), The US–Chinese Power Shift and the End of the Pax Americana, “International Affairs”, vol. 94, no. 1, ss. 89–111. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iix249
Mearsheimer J. J. (1990), Back to the future: Instability in Europe after the Cold War, „International Security”, vol. 15, no. 1, ss. 5–57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2538981
Mearsheimer J. J. (2001), The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, W.W. Norton, New York. Mearsheimer J. J. (2014), Why the Ukraine Crisis Is the West’s Fault: The Liberal Delusions That Provoked Putin, “Foreign Affairs”, vol. 93, no. 5, ss. 77–89.
Mearsheimer J. J. (2022), Playing with Fire in Ukraine: The Underappreciated Risks of Catastrophic Escalation, “Foreign Affairs”, August 17.
Moniz Bandeira L. A. (2017), The Second Cold War: Geopolitics and Strategic Dimension of the USA, Springer, Heidelberg. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54888-3
NATO 2022 strategic concept, https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/2022/6/pdf/290622-strategic-concept.pdf.
President Xi Jinping Holds Talks with Russian President Vladimir Putin (2023), Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, March 22.
Путин В. (2007.02.10), Выступление и дискуссия на Мюнхенской конференции по вопросам политики безопасности, Мюнхен.
Sakwa R. (2023), The Lost Peace: How the West Failed to Prevent a Second Cold War, Yale University Press, New Haven–London. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300265613
Schweller R. L. (1994), Bandwagoning for profit: Bringing the revisionist state back in, „International Security”, vol. 19, no. 1, ss. 72–107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2539149
Sharp G. (1994), From Dictatorship to Democracy: A Conceptual Framework for Liberation, Committee for the Restoration of Democracy in Burma, Bangkok.
Singh D. (2023), The Tripartite Realist War: Analysing Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34163-2
Stuenkel O. (2016), Post-Western World: How Emerging Powers are Remaking Global Order, Polity Press, Malden. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780199743292-0187
Talbott S. (1995), Why NATO Should Grow, “New York Review of Books”, 10 August, ss. 25–30. The Munk Debate: Russia Ukraine War (Stephen Walt, John Mearsheimer, Michael McFaull,
Radosław Sikorski), Toronto, May 12, 2022, @sikorskiradek, https://mobile.twitter.com/i/broadcasts/1jMJgeOlPzkKL.
Xi Jinping Delivers a Keynote Speech at the Opening Ceremony of the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2022 (2022), Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, April 21.
Walt S. M. (1987), The origins of alliances, Cornell University Press, Ithaca.
Walt S. M. (1991), Alliances in theory and practice: What lies ahead?, w: The global agenda: Issues and perspectives, red. Ch. W. Kegley, E. R. Wittkopf, McGraw-Hill, New York, ss. 189–197.
Walt S. M. (2022), The Perpetually Irrational Ukraine Debate, “Foreign Policy”, November 29. Walt S. M. (2023), The Top Five Lessons from Year One of Ukraine’s War, “Foreign Policy”, February 9.
Waltz K. N. (1979), Theory of international politics, Addison-Wesley Company, Reading.
Waltz K. N. (2000), Structural realism after the cold war, “International Security”, vol. 25, no. 2, ss. 5–41. Сушенцов А. (2023), Долгая украинская игра Путина: почему Кремль уверен, что будет смеяться последним, „Московский Комсомолец”, 04.12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/016228800560372
Zięba R. (1999), Instytucjonalizacja bezpieczeństwa europejskiego: koncepcje – struktury – funkcjonowanie, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar, Warszawa.
Zięba R. (2023), Illiberalism and Nationalism in Poland’s Politics, w: Politics and Security of Central and Eastern Europe: Contemporary Challenges, red. R. Zięba, Springer, Cham, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16419-4
Licencja
Prawa autorskie (c) 2023 Ryszard Zięba
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowe.