Abstrakt
The objective of this article is to provide a short presentation of the integration process of the areas that formed Lower Moesia. The author aims to present select methods implemented by the Romans in order to place the discussed territories under their complete control. The main differences between the individual parts of Lower Moesia have also been indicated in the article, as well as the ways in which they mutually supplemented each other, ultimately composing a cohesive whole.
Bibliografia
Ando C., The Administration of the Provinces, [in:] D. Potter (ed.), A Companion to the Roman Empire, pp. 177-192.
Barnea A., Municipium Noviodunum, Peuce X, 1, 1991, pp. 81-84.
Batty R.M., On Getic and Sarmatian Shores: Ovid’s Account of the Danube Lands, Historia 43, 1, 1994, pp. 88-111.
Baumann V.H., Ferma Romană din Dobrogea, Tulcea 1983.
Binev M., Montana, [in:] R. Ivanov (ed.), Rimski i rannovizantijski selišta v Bălgarija, 2, 2, Sofia 2003, pp. 160-182.
Bojanov I., Municipium Aurelium Durostorum or vicus Gavidina, AB 14, 2, 2010, pp. 53-59.
Bojanov I., Oescus – from castra to colonia, AB 12, 3, 2008, pp. 69-76.
Boteva D., The South Border of Lower Moesia from Hadrian to Septimius Severus, [in:] P. Petrovič (ed.), Roman Limes on the Lower Danube, Belgrade 1996, pp. 173-176.
Cătăniciu J.B., Dacia’s Borders under Trajans’s Rule – Remarks, Limes XIX, pp. 723-733.
Cholakov I., Ancient Economy South of the Lower Danube Limes (The Territory of Present-Day North Bulgaria) Based on Finds of Tools from the Period of the 1st – the Beginning of the 7th C. AD, [in:] L.F. Vagalinski, N. Sharankov, S. Torbatov (eds.), The Lower Danube Roman Limes (1st-6th C. AD), Sofia 2012, pp. 63-81.
Čičkova M., La basilique et la nécropole paléochretiennes extra muros (Mésie Inférieure), [in:] A. Biernacki, P. Pawlak (eds.), Late Roman and Early Byzantine Cities on the Lower Danube from the 4th to the 6th cent. AD. International Conference. Poznań, Poland, 15-17 November 1995, Poznań, pp. 57-69.
Conrad S., Stanev D., Archaeological Survey on the Lower Danube: Results and Perspectives, Black Sea Studies 4, 2006, pp. 309-331.
Delev P., Once More on the Thracian Strategies of Claudius Ptolemy, Sbornik v pamet na professor Velizar Velkov, Sofia 2009, pp. 245-253.
Dimitrov Z., Stone Cutting in Moesia Superior and Inferior during the Roman Age [online]. RGZM [access: 2017-02-05]. Available at: .
Dimitrova S., The Military-Political and Diplomatic Activities of Burebista in the Lower Danube Region, Thracia 17, 2007, pp. 159-172.
Dinčev V., Rimskite vili v dnešnata bălgarska teritorija, Sofia 1997, pp. 115-119.
Donevski P., Kanabi na XI Klavdiev Legion, [in:] R. Ivanov, G. Atanasov, P. Donevski (eds.), Istorija na Silistra. Antičnijat Durostorum, Sofia 2006, pp. 186-227.
Donevski P., Zur Topographie von Durostorum, Germania 68, 1, 1990, pp. 236-245.
Doruţiu-Boilă E., Über den Zeitpunkt der Verleihung des Municipalrechts in Scythia Minor, Dacia 22, 1978, pp. 245-247.
Duch M., Economic role of the Roman army in the province of Lower Moesia (Moesia Inferior), Gniezno 2017.
Duch M., The Impact of Roman Army on Trade and Production in Lower Moesia (Moesia Inferior), StEurGn 11, 2015, pp. 235-260.
Dušanić S., Aspects of Roman mining in Noricum, Pannonia, Dalmatia and Moesia Superior, ANRW II 6, 1977, pp. 52-94.
Dušanić S., The Economy of Imperial Domains and the Provincial Organization of Roman Illyricum, Godišnjak (Sarajevo) 29, 1991, pp. 45-52.
Dyczek P., Amfory rzymskie z obszaru dolnego Dunaju. Dystrybucja amfor i transportowa¬nych w nich produktów w I-III w. po Chr., Warszawa 1999.
Eck W., Die lex Troesmensium: ein Stadtgesetz für ein municipium civium Romanorum, ZPE 200, 2016, pp. 565-606.
Gerov B., Die Grenzen der römischen Provinz Thracia bis zur Gründung des Aurelianischen Dakien, [in:] idem (ed.), Beiträge zur Geschichte der römischen Provinzen Moesien und Thrakien, Gesammelte Aufsätze, III, Amsterdam 1998, pp. 437-467.
Gerov, Die Rechtsstellung der untermösischen Stadt Novae, [in:] idem, Beiträge zur Geschichte der römischen Provinzen Moesien und Thrakien, Gesammelte Aufsätze, I, Amsterdam 1980, pp. 113-118.
Gerov B., Zum Problem der Entstehung der römischen Städte am Unteren Donaulimes, [in:] idem, Beiträge zur Geschichte der römischen Provinzen Moesien und Thrakien, Gesammelte Aufsätze, I, Amsterdam 1980, pp. 349-359.
Gerov B., Zum Problem der Strategien int römischen Thrakien, Klio 52, 1970, pp. 123-132.
Gerov G., Landownership in Roman Thracia and Moesia (1st-3rd Century), Amsterdam 1988.
Hirt A., Mines and Economic Integration of Provincial Frontiers in the Roman Principate, [in:] S.T. Roselaar (ed.), Processes of Cultural Change and Integration in the Roman World, Leiden-Boston 2015, pp. 201-221.
Ivanov R., Das römische Verteidigungssystem an der unteren Donau zwischen Dorticum und Durostorum (Bulgarien) von Augustus bis Maurikios, Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission 78, 1997, pp. 467-640.
Ivanov R., The Roman Limes in Bulgaria (1st-6th C. AD), [in:] L. Vagalinski, N. Sharankov, S. Torbatov (eds.), The Lower Danube Limes (1st-6th C. AD), Mainz 1997, pp. 23-42.
Kolendo J., Aneksja Tracji za cesarza Klaudiusza, [in:] L. Mrozewicz, K. Ilski (eds.), Studia Moesiaca 1, Poznań 1994, pp. 87-100.
Kolendo J., Miasta i terytoria, plemienne w prowincji Mezji Dolnej w okresie wczesnego cesarstwa, [in:] M. Jaczynowska, J. Wolski (eds.), Prowincje rzymskie i ich znaczenie w ramach Imperium, Wrocław 1976, pp. 45-67.
Królczyk K., Veteranen in den Donauprovinzen der römischen Reiches (1.-3. Jh.n. Chr.), Poznań 2009.
Lazarenko I., The Southern Boundary of Terra Odessitanorum (1st-beginning of 2nd c.), AB VI, 1, 2002, pp. 45-57.
Lemke M., Towards a military geography of Moesia inferior, [in:] L. Vagalinski, N. Sharankov (eds.), Limes XXII. Proceedings of the XXIInd International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies held in Ruse, Bulgaria (September 2012), Sofia 2015, pp. 845-852.
Matei-Popescu F., The Horothesia of Dionysopolis and the Integration of the Western Pontic Greek Cities in the Roman Empire, [in:] V. Cojocaru, A. Coşkun, M. Dana (eds.), Interconnectivity in the Mediterranean and Pontic World during the Hellenistic and Roman Periods, Cluj-Napoca 2014, pp. 457-471.
Mrozewicz L., Arystokracja municypalna w rzymskich prowincjach nad Renem i Dunajem w okresie wczesnego cesarstwa, Poznań 1989.
Mrozewicz L., Flawiusze nad Dunajem, [in:] idem (ed.), Studia Flaviana I, Poznań 2010, pp. 67-79.
Mrozewicz L., Kaiser Claudius und die Donauländer, Eos 87, 2000, pp. 295-310.
Mrozewicz L., Rozwój ustroju municypalnego a postępy romanizacji w Mezji Dolnej, Poznań 1982.
Mrozewicz L., Ze studiów nad rolą canabae w procesie urbanizowania terenów pogranicza reńsko-dunajskiego w okresie wczesnego cesarstwa, [in:] W. Pająkowski, L. Mrozewicz (eds.), Balcanica Posnaniensia 3. Novae I kultura starożytna, Poznań 1984, pp. 285-297.
Musielak M., Społeczeństwo greckich miast zachodnich wybrzeży Morza Czarnego, Poznań 2003.
Nemeti S., Bărbulescu M., Arcobadara, Latomus 69, 2010, pp. 446-456.
Nenova R., Angelov A., A Rich Thracian’s Grave from Marcianopolis, AB 3, 1999, pp. 49-59.
Panaite A., Tropaeum Traiani, from Civitas to Municpium, a Hypothesis, [in:] A. Panaite, R. Cîrjan, C. Căpiţă, Moesica et Chrisitiana. Studies in Honour of Professor Alexandru Barnea, Brăila 2016, pp. 163-172.
Parissaki M.G., Étude sur l’organisation administrative de la Thrace à l’époque romaine. L’histoire des stratégies, Revue des Études Grecques, 122, fasc. 2, Juillet-décembre 2009, pp. 319-357.
Parnicki-Pudełko S., Canabae Novae: problem lokalizacji, [in:] Novae-Sektor Zachodni 1976, 1978, Poznań 1981, pp. 201-204.
Popov H., Urbanizacija văv vătrešnite rajoni na Trakija i Ilirija: prez VI-I vek predi Hrista, Sofia 2002.
Poulter A., Cataclysm on the Lower Danube: The Destrucion of a Complex Roman Landscape [in:] Ch. Neil (ed.), Landscapes of Change: Rural Evolutions in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, Aldershot, Burlington 2004, pp. 225-254.
Poulter A.G., Rural Communities (vici and komai) and their role in the organization of the limes of Moesia Inferior, [in:] W.S. Hanson, L.J.F. Keppie (eds.), Roman frontier studies 1979: papers presented to the 12th International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies, Oxford 1980, pp. 729-744.
Poulter A.G., Town and Country in Moesia Inferior, [in:] idem (ed.), Ancient Bulgaria. Papers presented to the International Symposium on the Ancient History and Archaeology of Bulgaria, Nottingham 1983, pp. 74-118.
Press L., Sarnowski T., Novae, rzymska twierdza legionowa i miasto wczesnobizantyjskie nad dolnym Dunajem, Novensia 1, 1987, pp. 289-322.
Rankov N.B., A Contribution to the Military and Administrative History of Montana, [in:] A.G. Poulter (ed.), Ancient Bulgaria. Papers Presented to the International Symposium on the Ancient History and Archaeology of Bulgaria, 2, Nottingham 1983, pp. 40-73.
Roselaar S.T., Introduction, [in:] eadem (ed.), Processes of Cultural Change and Integration in the Roman World, Leiden-Boston 2015, pp. 1-19.
Rostovtzeff M.I., The Social & Economic History of the Roman Empire, Oxford 1926.
Ruscu L., Becoming Roman? Shifting Identities in the Western Pontic Greek Cities, [in:] Interconnectivity in the Mediterranean and Pontic World during the Hellenistic and Roman Periods, Cluj-Napoca 2014, pp. 473-488.
Ruscu L., On the praefectura orae maritimae on the western coast of the Black Sea, [in:]
M.A. Janković, V.D. Mihailović, S. Babić (eds.), The Edges of the Roman World, Cambridge 2014, pp. 159-171.
Ruscu L., On Nicopolis ad Istrum and Her Territory, Historia 56, 2, 2007, pp. 214-229.
Sarnowski T. , Pozamilitarne funkcje armii rzymskiej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem jej roli w urbanizacji obszarów cesarstwa, Meander 9-10, 1987, pp. 439-448.
Sarnowski T., Borders of the province and its changes [online]. RGZM [access: 2017-02-02]. Available at: <https://www2.rgzm.de/transformation/home/FramesUK.cfmL>.
Sarnowski T., Origin of vici [online]. RGZM [access: 2017-02-02]. Available at: <https://www2.rgzm.de/Transformation/Poland/StrPln02Pl.htm>.
Sarnowski T., Wojsko rzymskie w Mezji Dolnej i na północnym wybrzeżu Morza Czarnego, Warszawa 1988.
Sharankov S., Novi Danni za trakijskite stratezi, Arhaeologija LVI, 1-2, 2015, pp. 62-78.
Slokoska L., Vladkova P., Tsurov I., Ivanov R., Nicopolis ad Istrum, [in:] R. Ivanov (ed.), Rimski i Rannovizantijski gradove v Bălgarija. Studies in Memory of Prof. Teofil Ivanov, 1, 1, Sofia 2002, pp. 83-104.
Stein A., Die Legaten von Moesien, Budapest 1940.
Strobel K., Untersuchungen zu den Dakerkriegen Trajans, Bonn 1984.
Suceveanu A., Zahariade M., Du nom Antique de la cité romaine et romaine tardive d’Indepedenţa (dep. de Tulcea), Dacia 31, 1987, pp. 87-96.
Suceveanu A., Zahariade M., Un nouveau ‘vicus’ sur le territoire de la Dobroudja romaine, Dacia 30, 1986, pp. 109-120.
Sultov B., Ceramic Production on the Territory of Nicopolis ad Istrum (II-nd-IV-th Century), Terra Antiqua Balcanica 1, GSUFF 76/2, 1983 (1985).
Syme R., The Lower Danube under Trajan, [in:] idem, Danubian Papers, Bucharest 1971, pp. 122-143.
Syme R., The Early History of Moesia, [in:] idem, The Provincial at Rome and Rome and the Balkans 80 BC-AD 14, A. Birley (ed.), Exeter 1999, pp. 193-220.
Tačeva M., Die munizipalisierung in den Provinzen Moesia Superior und Moesia Inferior (Mitte des 2.-Mitte des 3. Jhs.), [in:] M. Mirkovič (ed.), Römische Städte und Festungen an der Donau, Beograd 2005, pp. 211-217.
Tačeva M., The Northern Border of the Thracia Province to the Severi (2. from Nicopolis ad Istrum to Odessos), Thracia 11, 1995, pp. 427-434.
Tačeva M., Trakijskite Strategii i Trajanovata urbanizacija, [in:] eadem, Vlast i socium w rimska Trakija i Mizija, Sofia 2000, pp. 32-47.
Tomas A., Inter Moesos et Thraces. The rural Hinterland of Novae in Lower Moesia (1st – 6th Centuries AD), Oxford 2016.
Tomas A., Living with the Army I. civil Settlements near Roman Legionary Fortresses in Lower Moesia, Warszawa 2017.
Velkov V., Alexandrov G., Venatio Caesariana. Eine Inschrift aus Montana (Moesia Inferior), Chiron 18, 1988, pp. 271-277.
Velkov V., Montana (The Present-Day Mihailovgrad), [in:] idem, Roman Cities in Bulgaria. Collected Studies, Amsterdam 1980, pp. 85-101.
Vladkova P., Antičen proizvodstven centăr pri Pavlikeni (Dolna Mizija): plan na kompleksa, periodizacija i vidove keramični izdelija, Veliko Tărnovo 2011.
Vladkova P., The Earliest Nicopolis ad Istrum, [in:] The Roman and Late Roman City, Sofia 2002, pp. 30-34.
Zahariade M., Gudea N., The Fortifications of Lower Moesia (A.D. 86-275), Amsterdam 1997.