Słowa kluczowe
ANO
Czechy
populizm
media alternatywne
media społecznościowe
przycisk „Lubię to”
Jak cytować
Abstrakt
Odkryto tylko jedną preferencję wobec alternatywnych lub kontrowersyjnych źródeł, które Babiš określił jako stale lubiane źródła medialne na FB. Co zaskakujące, Babiš nawet nie „polubił” na stałe żadnego z tych mediów, które zakupił kilka lat wcześniej i przekazał zarządzanie nimi specjalnej fundacji, samemu zachowując się przy tym jak polityk. Babiš preferował wysokiej jakości czasopisma ekonomiczne i biznesowe. Spodobało mu się tylko jedno źródło mediów, które można uznać za media alternatywne – Internet TV XTV. Jednak nawet ta internetowa stacja telewizyjna nie może być postrzegana jako tradycyjne medium alternatywne/dezinformacyjne, ale raczej jako przypadek graniczny. Andrej Babiš polubił też na FB strony organizacji pozarządowych, instytucji kultury i inne, dość nietypowe aktywności o niepolitycznym charakterze.
Finansowanie
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 822590 (DEMOS).
Bibliografia
Balík S., Hloušek V. (2016), The development and transformation of the Czech party system after 1989, “Acta Politologica” 8(2), PP. 103–117 (104).
Berger V. (2020), Média typu Xaverovy XTV nebudou mít nikdy daleko k extremistům. Funguje to tak všude [Media of Xaver XTV Type won´t be anytime too far from extremists. This is how it works everywhere] hlidacipes.org, August 22, https://hlidacipes.org/media-typu-xaverovy-xtv-nebudou-mit-nikdy-daleko-k-extremistum-funguje-to-tak-vsude-ve-svete/.
Breiner V. (2020), Parlamentnilisty.cz sa súdia s Konšpirátormi. Je to ako žalovať Google za zlé recenzie, odkazujú im autori projektu [Parlamentnilisty.cz has sued Konšpirátori. It is like to sue Google for neagative review, the authors of the project react] inforsecurity.sk (December 4).
Brunclík M. (2010), Pirátské strany: nový fenomén v politice [Pirates Parties: A new phenomenon in politics], “Naše společnost” (2010)(1), pp. 21–29.
Brunclík M., Kubát M. (2014), The Crisis of the Czech Politics 25 Years after the Velvet Revolution, “Politeja” 11(28), pp. 163–180.
Brunnerová O. (2019), Not all political entrepreneurs are created equal: The institutionalisation of entrepreneurial parties in Central Europe, “Central European Journal of Politics” 5(1), pp. 100–124.
Buras P. (2016), Eastern extravaganza, ECFR, July 11, https://ecfr.eu/article/commentary_eastern_extravaganzas_7068/.
Burda J. (2021), Přepis: Jak to vidí Josef Šlerka – 12. srpna 2021 [Minutes: How does it see Josef Šlerka], https://dvojka.rozhlas.cz/prepis-jak-vidi-josef-slerka-12-srpna-2021-8554330.
Buštíková L. (2018), The State as a Firm: Understanding the Autocratic Roots of Technocratic Populism, “East European Politics and Societies and Cultures” 33(2), pp. 302–330 (316).
Buštíkova L., Guasti P. (2018), The Illiberal Turn or Swerve in Central Europe?, “Politics and Governance” 5(4), pp. 166–176.
Cabada L., Tomišič M. (2016), The Rise of PersonBased Politics in the New Democracies: The Czech Republic and Slovenia, “Politics in Central Europe” (ISSN: 1801-3422) 12(2), pp. 29–59, DOI: 10.1515/pce-2016-0011.
Cirhan T., Kopecký P. (2017), Career Backgrounds, Professional Network and Party Cohesion: The Success of ANO in the Czech Republic, “Czech Journal of Political Science” 24(2), pp. 116–136.
Císař O., Štětka V. (2016), Czech Republic. The Rise of Populism from the Fringes to the Mainstream, in: Populist Political Communication in Europe, eds. T. Aalberg et al., Routledge.
Danin R. M. (2011, December 7), Are Western-Educated Dictators Better Behaved?, “The Atlantic”, https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/12/are-western-educated-dictators-better-behaved/249610/.
Eibl O., Gregor M. (eds), (2019), Thirty Years of Political Campaigning in Central and Eastern Europe, Palgrave Macmillan-Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Ferjenčík M. (2017), Politické názory a postoje členů České pirátské strany [Political Opinions and Attitudes of the Czech Pirate Party Members] Charles University, B.A., Thesis, Prague (16).
Fletcher R. (2019), The Rise of Populism and the Consequences for News and Media Use, “Digital news report”, https://www.digitalnewsreport.org/survey/2019/the-rise-of-populism-and-the-consequences-for-news-and-media-use/.
Hájek L. (2017), Left, Right, Left, Right… Centre: Ideological Position of Andrej Babiš’s ANO, “Czech Journal of Political Science” 24(3), pp. 275–301.
Hájek R., Carpentier N. (2015), Alternative mainstream media in the Czech Republic: beyond the dichotomy of alterative and mainstream media, “Continuum”, 29:3, pp. 365–382, DOI: 10.1080/10304312.2014.986061.
Hanley S. (2012), Dynamics of New Party Formation in the Czech Republic 1996–2010: Looking for the Origins of a ‘Political Earthquake’, “East European Politics” 28(2), pp. 119–143.
Havlík V. (2019), Technocratic Populism and Political Illiberalism in Central Europe, “Problems of Post-Communism” 66(6), pp. 369–384.
Havlík V., Voda P. (2018), Cleavages, Protest or Voting for Hope? The Rise of Centrist Populist Parties in the Czech Republic, “Swiss Political Science Review”, 24(2), pp. 161–186.
Hejl M. (2017), Czech Republic Prime Minister Andrej Babis: Populist or crony capitalist?, “Acton Institute”, December 21, 2017, https://www.acton.org/publications/transatlantic/2017/12/21/czech-republic-prime-minister-andrej-babis-populist-or-crony.
Himelboim I. (2017), Social Network Analysis (Social Media), in: The International Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118901731.
Hloušek V., Kopeček L. (2017), Different Ways of Institutionalising Entrepreneurial Parties: Czech Public Affairs Party and ANO, “Czech Journal of Political Science” 24(2), pp. 92–115.
Hölig S., Hasebrink U. (2019), Germany, “Digital News Report”, http://www.digitalnewsreport.org/survey/2019/germany-2019/.
Horký P. (2020, August 23), ANO je historický omyl [ANO is Historical Mistake], “Respekt”, https://www.respekt.cz/tydenik/2020/35/ano-je-historicky-omyl.
Hornát J. (2013), Who holds power after the Czech elections?, “Open democracy”, December 4, 2013, https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/can-europe-make-it/who-holds-power-after-czech-elections/.
Hornát J. (2013), Who holds power after the Czech elections?, “Open democracy”, December 4, 2013, https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/can-europe-make-it/who-holds-power-after-czech-elections/.
Jarábik B., Učeň P. (2018, January 11), What’s Driving Czech Populism?, “Carnegie Europe”, https://carnegieeurope.eu/strategiceurope/75228.
Kaniok P. (2014), The Czech Republic 2014 European Parliament Election: Voters Gone Out, New Parties, “Political Preferences” (2014)(9), pp. 7–20 (7).
Klapal O. (2016), Co strany sdílejí na Facebooku? Analýza příspěvků českých politických stran před volbami 2010 a 2013 [What do parties share on Facebook? An analysis of Czech political parties’ posts before 2010 and 2013 elections] “Politologická revue” 22(1), pp. 69–96.
Kubánek M. (2016), Role populismu ve volebním marketingu hnutí ANO před parlamentními volbami v roce 2013 [The Role of Populism in the Electoral Marketing of the Movement ANO before the Czech Parliamentary Election in 2013] “Central European Political Studies Review” 18(4), pp. 319–353.
Krejčí M. (2017), Kdo nás dezinformuje? [Who Is Disinforming Us?] Kremlin Watch Report, August 15, 2017, https://www.evropskehodnoty.cz/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Kdo-n%C3%A1s-dezinformuje-1.pdf.
Kundra O. (2017), Jak fungují parlamentní listy [How Parlamentní listy Works] “Respekt”, March 30, 2017, https://www.respekt.cz/special/2017/dezinformace/most-na-druhy-breh.
Macková A. (2017), Nová média v politické komunikaci: politici, občané a online sociální sítě [New media in political communication: politicians, citizens and social networking sites], Masarykova univerzita, Brno.
Malát Š. (2020), Čaulidi graduje: Matka Země a otec Slunce nám podle premiéra řekli, že máme spolupracovať [Hallo People Comes to a Final: Mother Earth and Father Sun has told us, according to the PM, that we should cooperate] “Forum” 24, June 22, 2020, https://www.forum24.cz/caulidi-graduje-matka-zeme-a-otec-slunce-nam-rekli-ze-mame-spolupracovat/.
Mediaguru (2021, March 21), Přehled českého mediálního trhu v roce 2020 (Overview of Czech Media Market in 2020), https://www.mediaguru.cz/clanky/2021/03/prehled-ceskeho-medialniho-trhu-v-roce-2020/.
Moláček J. (2020, August 4), Babiš: Čau lidi, virus oslabuje. Maďar: Nejsou pro to důkazy, pokusíme se mu vysvětlit, aby to neříkal [Babiš: Hallo People, the Virus becomes less aggressive. Maďar: There is no evidence, we shall try to explain to him not to say this] “Deník” N, https://denikn.cz/411940/babis-cau-lidi-virus-oslabuje-madar-nejsou-pro-to-dukazy-pokusime-se-mu-vysvetlit-aby-to-nerikal/.
Poguntke T., Webb P. (2005), The Presidentialization of Contemporary Democratic Politics: Evidence, Causes, and Consequences in: The Presidentialization of Politics: A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies, eds. T. Poguntke, P. Webb, Oxford University Press, Oxford–New York, pp. 336–355.
Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2021, 10th Edition, https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2021-06/Digital_News_Report_2021_FINAL.pdf.
Sawiris M. et al. (2020), Visualising Influence, Information bubbles and ideological proximities on Czech, Hungarian & Slovak Facebook, “Globsec”, https://www.globsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Visualising_influence.pdf.
Seongcheol K. (2020), Between illiberalism and hyper-neoliberalism: competing populist discourses in the Czech Republic, “European Politics and Society” 21(5), pp. 618–633.
Šimečka M. (2017), Babiš’ Czech Republic: too thin a gruel?, “Open Democracy”, October 20, 2017, https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/can-europe-make-it/babi-czech-republic-too-thin-gruel/.
Šlerka J. (2018), Typologie domácích zpravodajských webů [Typology of Local News Websites], (2018, November 12), http://www.mapamedii.cz/mapa/typologie/index.php.
Smolík J., Đorđević V. (2020), Media and Populism in CentralEurope: Revisiting the Case of the Czech Republic, “Politické Vedy” 23(4), pp. 65–86.
Šlerka J. (2021, July 1), Volby v sítích: Kdo nejvíc utrácí za politickou reklamu na Facebooku [Elections on the Net: Who spends most on Political Ads on Facebook], https://www.investigace.cz/volby-v-sitich-kdo-nejvic-utraci-za-politickou-reklamu-na-facebooku/.
Štětka V., Vochocová L. (2014), A dialogue of the deaf, or communities of debate? The use of Facebook in the 2013 Czech parliamentary elections campaign, “Teorija in praksa” 5(6), pp. 1361–1380.
Sybera A. (2019), The Populist Faces of Czech PM Andrej Babis, “Balkan Insight”, August 15, 2019, https://balkaninsight.com/2019/08/15/the-populist-faces-of-czech-pm-andrej-babis/.
Syrovátka J., Pinkas Š. (2020), PSSI Perspectives #2 – Infodemic and Disinformation. What Has The COVID-19 Infodemic Told Us About The Czech Disinformation Ecosystem?, PSSI.
Tvrdoň J. (2019a), Čau lidi, tímhle teď žiju a tohle řeším. Jasně, obědy zdarma, Analyzovali jsme Babišova nedělní hlášení [Hallo People, this is my Life and this is what I tackle now. Obviously, free lunches. We have analysed Babiš Sunday Reports], “Deník”N, March 4, 2019, https://denikn.cz/79567/cau-lidi-timhle-ted-ziju-a-tohle-resim-jasne-obedy-zdarma-analyzovali-jsme-babisova-nedelni-hlaseni/.
Tvrdoň J. (2019b), Prasklá žilka, rošťák Tango a tisíce lajků. Recept na Babišova hlášení Prchal střeží jako přísady na Coca-Colu [Broken Vein, Rascal Tango and thousands of Likes. The Receipt on Babiš´ Reporting is being kept Secret Like Coca Cola Receipt] “Deník” N, March 19, 2019, https://denikn.cz/87827/cau-lidi-hlaseni-lici-babise-jako-drice-z-lidu-konkurence-je-ma-za-zovialni-vypravenky-prchal-recept-taji-jako-coca-colu/.
Vojtěchovská M. (2017), The gradual takeover of the Czech media system, in: The Service of Power: Media Capture and the Threat to Democracy, ed. A. Schiffrin, Center for International Media Assistance, Washington, DC, pp. 97–110.
Licencja