Abstract
The article focuses on the analysis of the methods of detection and research of the prototypes. The dependence of the prototype on the category selected for analysis has been proved. There are three main categories in which the perceptual feature is objectifi ed: the actual category of perceptual sign, the category of perceptual representatives, the category of the semantic field of the perceptual sign. Accordingly, the lexical, reference and semantic prototypes of the trait sign have been distinguished.References
Асмолов А., По ту сторону сознания: методологические проблемы неклассической психологии, Москва 2002, [в:] Электронный ресурс: http://cl.rushkolnik.ru/docs/7840/index-47990.html?page=32 (24.10.2017).
Болдырев Н. Н., Прототипы в языковой категории знаний, [в:] „Проблемы представления (репрезентации) в языке: Типы и форматы знаний”, 2007, вып. 2, с. 29–37.
Вежбицкая А., Язык. Культура. Познание, Москва 1996.
Лакофф Дж., Женщины, огонь и опасные вещи: Что категории языка говорят нам о мышлении, Москва 1987.
Парасин Н., Виды референтного прототипа, [в:] „Филологические науки. Вопросы тео рии и практики”, 2014, № 8 (38), ч. 1, с. 146–149.
Парасін Н., Когнітивні аспекти дослідження семантики кольоропозначень, [в:] „Вісник Київського національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка. Серія «Мова. Література. Фольклористика», 2013, № 1 (24), с. 35–38.
Селіванова О., Сучасна лінгвістика: термінологічна енциклопедія, Полтава 2006.
Старко В. Ф., Основні типи категорій в мовно-когнітивних дослідженнях, [в:] „Мовознавчий вісник”, 2008, вип. 6, с. 238–243.
Cruse D., Prototype Theory and Lexical Semantics, [in:] „Meaning and Prototypes: Studies in Linguistic Categorization”, London and New York 1990, p. 382–402.
Kleiber G., La semantique du prototype: Categories et sens lexical, Paris 1990.
Labov W., The Boundaries of Words and Their Meanings, [in:] „New Ways of Analyzing Variation in English”, Washington 1973, p. 340–373.
MacLaury R., Prototypes revisited, [in:] „Annual Reviev of anthropology”, 1991, nr. 20, p. 55–74.
Nyckees V., Categories semantiques et historicite des signifi cations [in:] „Historie. Epistemologie. Language”, 1997, t. 19, fasc. 1, p. 97–119.
Rosch E., “Focal” color areas and the development of color names, [in:] „Developmental Psychology”, 1971, nr. 4, p. 449.
Rosch E., Cognitive reference points, [in:] „Cognitive Psychology”, 1975, nr. 27, p. 532–547.
Rosch E., Cognitive representations of semantic categories, [in:] „Journal of Experimental Psychology”, 1975, nr 104, p. 192–233.
Rosch E., Human Categorization, [in:] „Studies in Cross-Cultural Psychology”, 1977, nr 1, p. 1–49.
Rosch E., Lloyd B., Principles of Categorization, [in:] Eleanor Rosch & Barbara B. Lloyd (eds.). Cognition and Categorization, New York 1978.
References
Asmolov A., Po tu storonu soznanija: metodologicheskie problemy neklassicheskoj psihologii [Reverse Side of Consciousness: Methodological Problems of Non-Classical Psychology], Moskva 2002, [v:] E`lektronnyj resurs: http://cl.rushkolnik.ru/docs/7840/index-47990.html?page=32 (24.10.2017).
Boldyrev N. N., Prototipy v jazykovoj kategorii znanij [Prototypes of Linguistic Category of Knowledge], [v:] „Problemy predstavlenija (reprezentacii) v jazyke: Tipy i formaty znanij”, 2007, vyp. 2, s. 29–37.
Vezhbickaja A., Jazyk. Kul'tura. Poznanie [Language. Culture. Cognition], Moskva 1996.
Lakoff Dzh., Zhenshhiny, ogon' i opasnye veshhi: Chto kategorii jazyka govorjat nam o myshlenii [Women, Fire and Dangerous Things: What Language Categories Tell us about Thinking], Moskva 1987.
Parasin N., Vidy referentnogo prototipa [Types of Referent Prototype], [v:] „Filologicheskie nauki. Voprosy teorii i praktiki”, 2014, № 8 (38), ch. 1, s. 146–149.
Parasin N., Kohnityvni aspekty doslidzhennia semantyky koloropoznachen [Cognitive Aspects of Semantics Colour Markers Research], [v:] „Visnyk Kyivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu imeni Tarasa Shevchenka. Seriia: Mova. Literatura. Folklorystyka”, 2013, № 1 (24), s. 35–38.
Selivanova O., Suchasna linhvistyka: terminolohichna entsyklopediia [Modern Linguistics: Terminological Encyclopedia], Poltava 2006.
Starko V. F., Osnovni typy katehorii v movno-kohnityvnykh doslidzhenniakh [Main Types of Categories in Linguistic Cognitive Researches], [v:] „Movoznavchyi visnyk”, 2008, vyp. 6, s. 238–243.
Cruse D., Prototype Theory and Lexical Semantics, [in:] „Meaning and Prototypes: Studies in Linguistic Categorization”, London and New York 1990, p. 382–402.
Kleiber G., La semantique du prototype: Categories et sens lexical, Paris 1990.
Labov W., The Boundaries of Words and Their Meanings, [in:] „New Ways of Analyzing Variation in English”, Washington 1973, p. 340–373.
MacLaury R., Prototypes revisited, [in:] „Annual Reviev of anthropology”, 1991, nr. 20, p. 55–74.
Nyckees V., Categories semantiques et historicite des signifi cations [in:] „Historie. Epistemologie. Language”, 1997, t. 19, fasc. 1, p. 97–119.
Rosch E., “Focal” color areas and the development of color names, [in:] „Developmental Psychology”, 1971, nr. 4, p. 449.
Rosch E., Cognitive reference points, [in:] „Cognitive Psychology”, 1975, nr. 27, p. 532–547.
Rosch E., Cognitive representations of semantic categories, [in:] „Journal of Experimental Psychology”, 1975, nr 104, p. 192–233.
Rosch E., Human Categorization, [in:] „Studies in Cross-Cultural Psychology”, 1977, nr 1, p. 1–49.
Rosch E., Lloyd B., Principles of Categorization, [in:] Eleanor Rosch & Barbara B. Lloyd (eds.). Cognition and Categorization, New York 1978.
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
- The Author hereby warrants that he/she is the owner of all the copyright and other intellectual property rights in the Work and that, within the scope of the present Agreement, the paper does not infringe the legal rights of another person.The owner of the copyright work also warrants that he/she is the sole and original creator thereof and that is not bound by any legal constraints in regard to the use or sale of the work.
- The Author grants the Purchaser non-exclusive and free of charge license to unlimited use worldwide over an unspecified period of time in the following areas of exploitation:
2.1. production of multiple copies of the Work produced according to the specific application of a given technology, including printing, reproduction of graphics through mechanical or electrical means (reprography) and digital technology;
2.2. marketing authorisation, loan or lease of the original or copies thereof;
2.3. public performance, public performance in the broadcast, video screening, media enhancements as well as broadcasting and rebroadcasting, made available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them;
2.4. inclusion of the Work into a collective work (i.e. with a number of contributions);
2.5. inclusion of the Work in the electronic version to be offered on an electronic platform, or any other conceivable introduction of the Work in its electronic version to the Internet;
2.6. dissemination of electronic versions of the Work in its electronic version online, in a collective work or independently;
2.7. making the Work in the electronic version available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them, in particular by making it accessible via the Internet, Intranet, Extranet;
2.8. making the Work available according to appropriate license pattern Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) as well as another language version of this license or any later version published by Creative Commons. - The Author grants the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan permission to:
3.1. reproduce a single copy (print or download) and royalty-free use and disposal of rights to compilations of the Work and these compilations.
3.2. send metadata files related to the Work, including to commercial and non-commercial journal-indexing databases. - The Author declares that, on the basis of the license granted in the present Agreement, the Purchaser is entitled and obliged to allow third parties to obtain further licenses (sublicenses) to the Work and to other materials, including derivatives thereof or compilations made based on or including the Work, whereas the provisions of such sub-licenses will be the same as with the attributed license pattern Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)or another language version of this license, or any later version of this license published by Creative Commons. Thereby, the Author entitles all interested parties to use the work, for non-commercial purposes only, under the following conditions:
4.1. acknowledgment of authorship, i.e. observing the obligation to provide, along with the distributed work, information about the author, title, source (link to the original Work, DOI) and of the license itself.
4.2. the derivatives of the Work are subject to the same conditions, i.e. they may be published only based on a licence which would be identical to the one granting access to the original Work. - The University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznań is obliged to
5.1. make the Work available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them, without any technological constraints;
5.2. appropriately inform members of the public to whom the Work is to be made available about sublicenses in such a way as to ensure that all parties are properly informed (appropriate informing messages).
Other provisions
- The University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznań hereby preserves the copyright to the journal as a whole (layout/stylesheet, graphics, cover design, logo etc.)