Słowa kluczowe
przycisk „Lubię to”
Czechy
Węgry
Polska
Słowacja
populizm
media społecznościowe
analiza sieci społecznościowych
media alternatywne
Orbán
Babiš
Morawiecki
Matovič
Kollár
Kaczyński
Jak cytować
Abstrakt
Artykuł przedstawia wprowadzenie do czterech studiów przypadku opublikowanych w tym tomie. Wyjaśnia szersze aspekty metodologii stosowanej w studiach przypadków czterech państw i leżącej u ich podstaw teorii. Opiera się na przekonaniu, że badania powinny być kontekstualizowane i oparte na dogłębnej wiedzy teoretycznej i empirycznej. Niniejszy wkład wyjaśnia zastosowaną metodologię, kryteria doboru próby oraz konceptualizację alternatywnych mediów oraz uzasadnia ukierunkowanie badań i ich znaczenie, zwłaszcza w perspektywie długoterminowej. Ponadto badanie umieszcza studia przypadków wybranych państw w szerszym porównawczym kontekście komunikacji międzynarodowej i politycznej, w szczególności w mediach społecznościowych. Ponadto wyjaśnia znaczenia i użycia przycisku „Lubię to” na Facebooku.
Finansowanie
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 822590 (DEMOS).
Bibliografia
Atkinson J. D. (2017), Alternative Media, in: Journey into Social Activism: Qualitative Approaches, Fordham University Press, New York, pp. 173–196, DOI: 10.2307/j.ctt1hfr0rk.11.
Bhatt S. et al. (2018), Illuminating an Ecosystem of Partisan Websites, Cornell University, arXiv:1803.03576v1 [cs.SI].
Bongiovanni F. M. (2018), The Rise of Alternative Politics, in: Europe and the End of the Age of Innocence, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74370-7_5.
Castro-Herrero L., Hopmann D. N., Engesser S. (2016), Parties, Ideology, and News Media in Central-Eastern and Western Europe: A Comparison of Media Bias Twenty Years after the Fall of the Iron Curtain, “East European Politics and Societies” 30, no. 3, pp. 571–593, https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325415625090.
Cutler A., Kulis B. (2018), Inferring human traits from Facebook statuses, in: International Conference on Social Informatics, Springer, Cham, September, pp. 167–195.
D’Costa K (2012), Likability: Revisiting The Psychology of Liking, Scientific American, (blog), September 17, 2012, https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/anthropology-in-practice/likability-revisiting-the-psychology-of- liking/.
Dijck J. van, Poell T. (2013), Understanding social media logic, “Media and Communication” 1, no. 1, http://www.cogitatiopress.com/ojs/index.php/mediaandcommunication/article/view/70.
Dijk J.A.G.V. van (2006), The Network Society: Social Aspects of New Media, Sage, London.
Dyer-Witheford N. (2020), Left Populism and Platform Capitalism, tripleC 18, no. 1, pp. 116–131.
Eastwick P. W., Finkel E. J. (2009), Reciprocity of Liking, in: Encyclopedia of Human Relationships, eds. H. T. Reis, S. Sprecher, Sage, London, pp. 1333–1336.
Esser F., Stępinska A., Hopmann D. N. (2016), Populism and the Media. Cross-National Findings and Perspectives, in: Populist Political Communication in Europe, eds. T. Aalberg et al., Routledge, pp. 365–380.
Fabrykant M. (2017), Dynamics of Attitudinal Dimensions of National Populism in Europe, 2008–2017, “Studia Politica, Romanian Political Science Review”, no. 2, pp. 157–202.
Fuchs Ch. (2010), Alternative Media as Critical Media, “European Journal of Social Theory” 13, no. 2, pp. 173–192.
Fujdiak I., Ocelík P. (2019), Hyperlink networks as a means of mobilisation used by far-right movements, “Central European Journal of Communication” 12, no. 2, pp. 134–149.
Gansinger M. A. M., Kole A. (2018), Clicktatorship and democrazy: Social media and political campaigning Vortex of the Web, in: Vortex of the Web. Potentials of the online environment, eds. M. A. M. Gansinger, A. Kole, Hamburg, 15–40, https://philpapers.org/rec/GANCAD-4.
Gartler M. (2020), Rhizome, The Chicago School of Media Theory (blog), https://lucian.uchicago.edu/blogs/mediatheory/keywords/rhizome/.
Gehl R. W. (2015), The Case for Alternative Social Media, “Social Media + Society” 1, no. 2, DOI: 10.1177/2056305115604338.
Gerbaudo P. (2018), Social media and populism: an elective affinity?, “Media Culture & Society” 40, no. 5, pp. 745–753.
Hájek R., Carpentier N. (2015), Alternative mainstream media in the Czech Republic: beyond the dichotomy of alterative and mainstream media, “Continuum”, 29:3, pp. 365–382, DOI: 10.1080/10304312.2014.986061.
Himelboim I. (2017), Social Network Analysis (Social Media), in: The International Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118901731.iecrm0236.
Jacobs K., Sandberg L., Spierings N. (2020), Twitter and Facebook: Populists’ double-barreled gun?, “New Media & Society” 22, no. 4, pp. 611–633, https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819893991.
Jeppesen S. (2016), Understanding Alternative Media Power. Mapping Content & Practice to Theory, Ideology, and Political Action, “Democratic Communiqué” 27, no. 1, pp. 54–77.
Kalimeri K. et al. (2019), Predicting demographics, moral foundations, and human values from digital behaviours, “Computers in Human Behavior” 92, pp. 428–445, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.11.024.
Kalsnes B., Larsson A. O., Enli G. S. (2017), The social media logic of political interaction: Exploring citizens’ and politicians’ relationship on Facebook and Twitter, “First Monday” 22, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v22i2.6348.
Kapec M. (2019), Mainstreamové a alternatívne médiá v slovenskom mediálnom priestore, [Mainstream and Alternative Media in Slovak Media Space], in: Megatrendy a Médiá 2019: Digital Universe, eds. Z. Bučková, A. Kačincová Predmerská, L. Rusňáková, Trnava, pp. 89–104.
Kaplan A. M., Haenlein M. (2010), Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media, “Business Horizons” 53, no. 1, pp. 59–68.
Klimkiewicz B. (2019), Poland, in: The independence of media regulatory authorities in Europe. IRIS Special, ed. M. Cappello, European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg, pp. 90–98.
Klinger U., Svensson J. (2018), The end of media logics? On algorithms and agency, “New Media & Society” 20, no. 12, pp. 4653–4670, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818779750.
Kňapová K. (2019), Symbolická reprezentace jako způsob porozumění současné politice, [Symbolic representation as a way of understanding contemporary politics], “Czech Political Science Review” 25, no. 1, pp. 55–73 (55).
Kosinski M., Stillwell D., Graepel Th. (2013), Private traits and attributes are predictable from digital records of human behavior, “Proceedings of the national academy of sciences” 110, no. 15, pp. 5802–5805, https://www.pnas.org/content/110/15/5802.
Krämer B. (2017a), Populist and Non-Populist Media, in: Political Populism: A Handbook, eds. R. Heinisch, Ch. Holtz-Bacha, O. Mazzoleni, Nomos, Baden-Baden, Germany.
Krämer B. (2017b), Populist online practices: the function of the Internet in right-wing populism, “Information, Communication & Society“ 20, no. 9, Populist Online Communication, pp. 1293–1309.
Kyle J., Gultchin L. (2018), Populists in Power around the World, Tony Blair Institute for Global Change.
Lipiński A. (n.d.), Populizm a medialne struktury możliwości. Przypadek nowych mediów [Populism and media opportunity structures. The case of new media], in: Obywatele/Intelekt, pp. 75–96.
Lorenzi J.-H., Berrebi M. (2019), Who Governs: Politicians, or Technology Prophets?, in: Progress or Freedom, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, pp. 149–168, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19594-6_7.
Manfredi-Sánchez J., Amado-Suárez A., Waisbord S. (2021), Presidential Twitter in the face of COVID-19: Between populism and pop politics, [Twitter presidencial ante la COVID-19: Entre el populismo y la política pop], Comunicar, (66), pp. 83–94, https://doi.org/10.3916/C66-2021-07.
Manuel Robles-Morales J., Córdoba-Hernández A. (2019), The Political Potential of Social Networks, in: Digital Political Participation, Social Networks and Big Data, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27757-4_4.
Marincea A., Školkay A. (2020), Boris Kollár and OĽANO party communication on Facebook, “Politické vedy” 23, 4, pp. 109–136, http://www.politickevedy.fpvmv.umb.sk/archiv-vydani/2020/4-2020/adina-marincea-andrej-skolkay.html.
McAllister I. (2009), The Personalisation of Politics, in: The Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior, eds. Russell J. Dalton, H.-D. Klingemann, Oxford.
McPherson M., Smith-Lovin L., Cook J. M. (2001), Birds of a feather: Homophily in social networks, “Annual review of sociology” 27, no. 1, pp. 415–444.
Nadkarni A., Hofmann S. G. (2012), Why do people use Facebook?, “Personality and Individual Differences” 52, no. 3, pp. 243–249.
Praet S., Van Aelst P., Martens D. (2018), I like, therefore I am. Predictive modeling to gain insights in political preference in a multi-party system, Research paper 2018014, University of Antwerp, Faculty of Business and Economics, https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/antwpaper/2018014.htm
Prell Ch. (2012), Social Network Ananlysis. History, Theory, Methodology, Sage, L.A.
Renwick A., Pilet J.-B. (2016), Faces on the Ballot: The Personalisation of Electoral Systems in Europe, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Rodrigue G. (2018), Umberto Eco: The Dangers of Media Populism, “Social Media Today”, Nov. 25, 2007, https://www.socialmediatoday.com/content/umberto-eco-dangers-media-populism.
Rozgonyi K. (2019), Hungary, in: The independence of media regulatory authorities in Europe. IRIS Special, ed. M. Cappello, European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg, pp. 54–64.
Schakel A. H. et al. (2017), Regional and National Elections in Eastern Europe: Territoriality of the Vote in Ten Countries, Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Schiffrin A. (2017), In the Service of Power: Media Capture and the Threat to Democracy, CIMA, Washington, https://cmds.ceu.edu/sites/cmcs.ceu.hu/files/attachment/article/1174/cima-media-capture-book-f.pdf.
Vaidhyanathan S. (2018), Antisocial Media: How Facebook Disconnects Us, and Undermines Democracy, Oxford University Press, New York.
Yapıcıoğlu Y. (2013, May 11), Four Approaches of Alternative Media and Some Examples, iletisim.ieu.edu.tr (blog), http://iletisim.ieu.edu.tr/flows/?p=1078.
Ylä-Anttila T. (2020), Social Media and the Emergence, Establishment and Transformation of the Right-Wing Populist Finns Party” in Populism, https://brill.com/view/journals/popu/3/1/article-p121_6.xml.
Licencja