Keywords
pope
Antichrist
conversion
apology of faith
How to Cite
Number of views: 263
Number of downloads: 195
Abstract
Newman’s way to conversion was made possible by his overcoming of his youthful convictions adopted from Protestant theologians (Luther, Cranmer, Bale, Fox, Sandys, Warburton, Isaac, and Thomas Newton), that the office of the pope was related to the case of the Antichrist. Their accusation is summed up in the statement that the pope, by enacting and enforcing ecclesiastical laws, has obscured the true primary meaning of God’s commandments and has thus established himself in the place of God, making himself the master of Catholic consciences. Newman’s idea of the Antichrist evolved from associating him with the place and the office of the pope to recognizing only his hallmarks as significant: open infidelity, ungodlieness, arrogance, worldly spirit, and false liberalism. At the same time, he took a futuristic position, not excluding the view that the “secret of godlessness” is already at work, and the Antichrist has his precursors, types, images and shadows. He overcame the mental flaw that identified the pope with the Antichrist through in-depth studies of the history of the Church, a change withwhich was signaled in A Letter to the Rev. Godfrey Faussett (1838), matured in an apology of the papacy in The Protestant Idea of Antichrist (1840) and led to the recognition of the pope as the true Vicar of Christ and Sacramentum Unitatis and the revocation of anti-Roman views in 1843, and again in 1845. Newman understood that the primacy of the pope is part of an evolving Catholic doctrine, and the pope has become the goal of prosecution because of his close resemblance to Christ, whom Satan is trying to imitate.
References
Pismo Święte Starego i Nowego Testamentu. Biblia Tysiąclecia. Oprac. Zespół Biblistów Polskich. Wyd. V. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Pallottinum 2008.
Cranmer, Thomas. „A Confutation of Unwritten Verities.” W: The Works of Thomas Cranmer, Archbishopof Canterbury, Martyr 1556. Ed. John Edmund Cox, t. 2. Cambridge: Parker Society 1846. 1-67.
Joseph, Michael. „Introduction.”W: John Fox, The Acts and Monuments of the Christian Church, t. 1. B.m.w.: Ex-Classics Projects 2009. 5-7.
Keble, John. The Christian Year. B.m.w.: „Biblioteca Virtual Universal” 2008.
Letter from Lord John Russell to the Bishop of Durham, Charles Dolman, London 1850.
Luther, Martin. „Against Hanswurst.” Trans. Eric Walter Gritsch, 1541. W: Luther’s Works: Church and Ministry III. Ed. Eric Walter Gritsch. Vol. 41. Philadelphia: Fortress Press 1966a. 179-256.
Luther, Martin. „Against the Roman Papacy, an Institution of the Devil.” Trans. Eric Walter Gritsch, 1545. W: Luther’s Works: Church and Ministry III. Ed. Eric Walter Gritsch. Vol. 41. Philadelphia: Fortress Press 1966b. 257-376.
Luther, Martin. „The Babylonian Captivity of the Church (1520).” Trans. Albert T.W. Steinhäuser. W: Three Treatises from the American Edition of Luther’s Works. USA: 1970. 113-260.
„Manuscript Letters of Bishop Horsley. Letter V.” The British Magazine (1834) 5: 517-523.
Milner, Joseph. The History of the Church of Christ. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans 1847.
Newman, John Henry. A Letter to the Rev. Godfrey Faussett, Margaret Professor of Divinity, wyd. 2. London: J.H. Parker 1838.
Newman, John Henry. An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine. London–New York–Bombay– Calcutta: Longmans, Green and Co. 1909.
Newman, John Henry. Apologia pro vita sua. London–New York: J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd., E.P. Dutton & Co. [b.r.w.].
Newman, John Henry. Apologia pro vita sua. Tłum. Stanisław Gąsiorowski. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Fronda 2009.
Newman, John Henry. Certain Difficulties Felt by Anglicans in Catholic Teaching. T. 2. London–New York–Bombay: Longmans, Green and Co. 1900.
Newman, John Henry. Discussions and Arguments on Various Subjects. London–New York–Bombay–Calcutta: Longmans, Green and Co. 1907a.
Newman, John Henry. Essays Critical and Historical. T. 2. London–New York–Bombay–Calcutta: Longmans, Green and Co. 1907b.
Newman, John Henry. O rozwoju doktryny chrześcijańskiej. Tłum. Jolanta W. Zielińska. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Fronda [b.r.w.].
Newman, John Henry. The Arians of the Fourth Century. London–New York–Bombay–Calcutta: Longmans, Green and Co. 1908a.
Newman, John Henry. The Via Media of the Anglican Church. T. 1. London–New York–Bombay: Longmans, Green and Co. 1901.
Newman, John Henry. The Via Media of the Anglican Church. T. 2. London–New York–Bombay–Calcutta: Longmans, Green and Co. 1908b.
Newman, John Henry. „Tracts for the Times.” T. 1 (1833) 15. W: The Via Media of the Anglican Church. T. 2. London–New York–Bombay–Calcutta: Longmans, Green and Co. 1908c. 430.
Newman, John Henry. „Tracts for the Times.” T. 1 (1833). W: The National Institute for Newman Studies (opublikowano 2007). Dostęp: 1 grudnia 2017. http://www.newmanreader.org/works/times/index.html
Newton, Isaac. Observations upon the Prophecies of Daniel and the Apocalypse of St. John. London: J. Darby and T. Browne 1733.
Newton, Thomas. Dissertations on the Prophecies, which Have Remarkably Been Fulfilled, and at this Time Are Fulfilling in the World. London: J.F. Dove 1825.
Sandys, Edwin. Sermons and Miscellaneous Pieces by Archbishop Sandys. Red. John Ayre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1842.
Artykułów wiary anglikańskiej. [B.m.w.]: 1563. Dostęp: 1 grudnia 2017. http://docplayer.pl/17323978-39-artykulow-wiary-kosciola-anglikanskiego-z-1563-roku.html
McGinn, Bernard. Antychryst. Dwa tysiące lat fascynacji człowieka złem. Tłum. Barbara Cendrowska. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Da Capo 1998.
Misner, Paul. „Newman and the Tradition concerning the Papal Antichrist.” Church History 42.3 (1973): 377-395.
Adamiak, Elżbieta. Traktat o Maryi. T. 2. Warszawa: Biblioteka „Więzi” 2006.
Czaja, Andrzej. Dogmatyka – Traktat o Kościele. T. 2. Warszawa: Biblioteka „Więzi” 2006.
Grzeszczak, Jan. „Papież – święty z definicji? Od Dictatus papae do Santo subito.” Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne (2010) 24: 247-288.
Koza, Stanisław Józef. „Purytanizm.” W: Encyklopedia katolicka. Red. Edward Gigilewicz. T. 16. Lublin: TN KUL 2012. 931-932.
Kumor, Bolesław. „Febronianizm.” W: Encyklopedia katolicka. Red. Ludmir Bieńkowski. T. 5. Lublin: TN KUL 1989. 83-84.
O’Brien, Felicity. Nie pokój, lecz miecz. John Henry Newman. Tłum. Stanisław Golus. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Salwator 2003.
Sakowicz, Iwona. „Antykatolicyzm ‘Timesa’ i ‘papieska agresja’.” Studia Historica Gedanensia (2013) 4: 93-104.
Zahajkiewicz, Marek. „Koncyliaryzm.” W: Encyklopedia katolicka. Red. Andrzej Szostek. T. 9. Lublin: TN KUL 2002. 546-549.
Zieliński, Zygmunt. „Ultramontanizm.” W: Encyklopedia katolicka. Red. Edward Gigilewicz. T 19. Lublin: TN KUL 2013. 1322-1323.
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Natasza Lisowska
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
PUBLISHED WORK ARE LICENSED UNDER A CREATIVE COMMONS:
From 2021: 
From 2006: 
Before 2006 all published texts are copyrighted.
Authors
Authors of texts accepted for publication in the journal Annales Missiologici Posnanienses are required to complete, sign and return to the editorial address an agreement to grant free license to works, with an obligation to grant CC sublicense.
According to the agreement, the authors of the texts published in the journal Annales Missiologici Posnanienses grant to Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan a non-exclusive and royalty-free licencji Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license and allow sublicensing under the same conditions.
The authors retain the rights to further freely dispose of the work.
Users
Interested internet users are entitled to use works published from 2021 onwards in Annales Missiologici Posnanienses under the following conditions:
- Attribution - the obligation to provide with the distributed work, information, about the authorship, title, source (links to the original work, DOI) and the license itself;
- Non-commercial use - you should not use the work for commercial purposes;
- Without creating derivative works - the work must be preserved in its original form, e.g. translations, adaptations may not be distributed without the author's permission.
Interested Internet users are entitled to use works published between 2006 and 2020 in Annales Missiologici Posnanienses under the following conditions:
- acknowledgment of authorship - the obligation to provide with the distributed work, information, about the authorship, title, source (links to the original work, DOI) and the license itself;
- without creating derivative works - the work must be preserved in its original form, e.g. translations, adaptations cannot be distributed without the author's consent.
Other
Adam Mickiewicz University of Poznan retains the right to the journal as a whole (layout, graphic form, title, cover design, logo, etc.).