Keywords
Moldavia
Wallachia
Transilvania
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
How to Cite
Abstract
The hereby article presents an analogous analysis of the patrimonial and inheritance legal status of Moldovan women, contrasted with their counterparts in the neighbouring countries, such as Lithuania, Romania, Transylvania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro. In author’s opinion, woman’s patrimony served as a warranty for her legal and social status. Officially, women could not participate in the political life of the state, yet, some of them, possessing large estates, were indeed influential. Empowered by the autonomous possession and management of their assets, women attained some economic independence in the social sphere. Characterizing the differences and similarities in the status of women regarding the laws of succession, it should be observed that too much emphasis was placed on the legal inequality of women in different countries. In consequence, a stereotype was established in historical literature. Frequently, in European countries, an inconsistency or even a contradiction between legislation and law enforcement could be observed.References
Andriulis V., Lietuvos Statutų (1529, 1566, 1588 m.) šeimos teisė, Vilnius, 2003.
Andriulis V., Sutuoktinių turtinių santykių reguliavimas įkračio (вено) sutartimi 1588 m. Lietuvos Statute, ser. A, t. 3, Vilniuje (Lietuvos TSR Mokslų akademijos darbai), 1975, s. 31-49.
Bianu I., Documente româneşti, t. 1, Bucureşti, 1907.
Borowski S., Statuty cara Stefana Duszana z lat 1349 i 1354. Materjały do ćwiczeń seminaryjnych z historii prawodawstw słowiańskich, „Prace Seminarjium Dawnego Polskiego Prawa Sądowego i Historji Ustroju Dawnej Polski Uniwersitetu Warszawskiego”, 1934, nr 5.
Condurachi I.D., Expunerea rezumată a teoriei moştenirilor în vechiul drept românesc, Bucureşti,1919.
Costăchescu M., Documente moldoveneşti înainte de Ştefan cel Mare, t. 1,2, Iaşi, 1931-1932.
Crestomaţie pentru studiul istoriei statului şi dreptului RP Română, red. Şt. Pascu, V. Hanga, t. 2, Bucureşti, 1958.
Documenta Romaniae Historica. C. Transilvania, sub redacţia Şt. Pascu, t. 12 (1361-1365), Bucureşti, 1985.
Czamańska I., Caracterul legăturilor lui Jan Zamoyski cu Movileştii, Arhiva Genealogică, t. III, Iaşi, 1996, s. 307-313.
Czamańska I., Rumuńska imigracja polityczna w Polsce XVII wieku, „Balcanica Posnaniensia. Acta et studia”, 1993, t. 6, s. 5-22.
Czarnagóra. Pod względem geograficznym, statystycznym i historycznym, Lwów, 1869.
Documente privind istoria României. A. Moldova, t. 1, 18, Bucureşti, 1954, 2006.
Fotino George, Studii asupra situaţiei femeii în vechiul drept românesc [w:] Pagini din istoria dreptului românesc. Antologie, introducere note şi bibliografie de Gh. Cronţ şi S. Fotino, Bucureşti, 1972.
Gonţa Alexandru I, Femeia şi drepturile ei la moştenire în Moldova, după „obiceiul pământului” [w:] Studii de istorie medievală (texte selectate), Iaşi, 1998.
Istoria dreptului românesc, red. Vl. Hanga, L.P. Marcu, t. 1, Bucureşti, 1980.
Jelavich Barbara, Istoria Balcanilor. Secolele al XVIII şi al XIX-lea, tłum. M.-E. Avădanei, t. 1, Iaşi, 2000.
Karpavičienė J., Стремясь к идеалу: представление женских добродетелей в панегиричесской литературе Великого Княжества Литовского второй половины XVI – первой половины XVII. вв. [w:] Украïнский iсторичний збiник, 5, 2003, s. 93–107.
Karpavičienė J., Idealny model kobiety w literaturze okolicznościowej (na przykładzie “Krótkiego wypisania sprawy przy śmierci ...Halżbiety z Szydłowca Radziwiłłowej” Cypriana Bazylika) [w:] Radziwiłłowie: obrazy literackie, biografie, świadectwa historyczne, Lublin, 2003.
Karpavičienė J., Inter sacrum et profanum: религиозность женщин в панегиричеcкой литературе Великого Княжества Литовского в XVI – XVII веках [w:] Український історичний збірник, t. 8, Київ, 2005, s. 120-139.
Karpavičienė J., Moteris Vilniuje ir Kaune XVI a. pirmojoje pusėje: gyvenimo sumiestinimo Lietuvoje atodangos, Vilnius, 2005.
Karpavičienė J., A Vessel of Sins Full of Virtues: the Ideal Image of the Female in the Occasional Writings of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Late 16th and Early 17th Centuries [w:] Lithuanian Historical Studies, 2001, nr 6, s. 23–54.
Karpavičienė J., Vieno stereotipo istorija – LDK moters įvaizdis istoriografijoje, “Feminizmas, visuomenė, kultūra”, 1999, nr 1, s. 30–39.
Moldova în epoca feudalismului, t. 4, Chişinău, 1986.
Mototolescu D. D., Privilegiul masculinităţii, Bucureşti, 1915.
Paszkiewicz J., Szulc W., Idee religijne w koncepcjach narodowych na Bałkanach, „Balcanica Posnaniensia. Acta et studia”, 2010/2011, t. 17, s. 7–19.
Peretz I., Privilegiul masculinităţii [w:] Pravilniceasca condica Ipsilanti şi Caragea, Bucureşti,1905.
Ragauskienė R., XVI a. LDK didikių patronatas, “Lituanistica”, 2005, nr 2, s. 1-19.
Ragauskienė R., XVI a. didikų Radvilų lenkų kilmės žmonos, “Istorija”, nr 87, 2012, s. 3-15.
Ragauskienė R., Lietuvos didžiosios kunigaikštienės Elenos (1476-1513 m.) patronatas [w:] Lietuvos didysis kunigaikštis Aleksandras ir jo epocha, red. D. Steponavičienė, Vilnius, 2007, 109-130.
Ragauskienė R., XVI a. Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės moterys: istoriografinis ir praktinis požiūris [w:] Moterys. Darbas. Šeima: lyčių vaidmenys užimtumo sferoje: sociokultūrinis aspektas, Vilnius, 2008, s. 146–164.
Ragauskienė R., The Noblewoman’s Court in the Sixteenth-century Grand Duchy of Lithuania, “Lithuanian Historical Studies”, 2003, t. 8, s. 24-58.
Ragauskienė R., Ragauskas A., Barboros Radvilaitės laiškai Žygimantui Augustui ir kitiems, Vilnius, 2001.
Rezachevici C., Cronologia critică a domnilor din Ţara Românească şi Moldova. a. 1324-1881, t. 1, Bucureşti, 2001.
Rezachevici C., Domeniul boieresc al lui Radu Şerban [w:] Studii. Revista de Istorie, t. 23, 1970, s. 469- 487.
Rezachevici C., Indigenatul polon – o formă însemnată de întegrare a nobilimii româneşti în cea europeană în Evul Mediu, “Arhiva Genealogică”, 1996, t. 3, s. 205-217.
Rezachevici C., Privilegii de indigenat polon acordate din ţările române, „Revista de Istorie”, 1975, t. 28, s. 1095-1098.
Solcan Ş., Familia în secolul al XVII-lea în Ţările Române, Bucureşti, 1999.
Solcan Ş., Femeile din Moldova, Transilvania şi Ţara Românească în Evul Mediu, Bucureşti, 2005.
Брюле Пьер, Повседневная жизнь древнегреческих женщин в классическую эпоху, Москва, 2005.
Валиконите И., I Литовский Статут – один из важнейших источников истории положения женщин в Великом Княжестве Литовском [w:] I Литовский Статут 1529 года, Материалы республиканской научной конференции, посвященной 450- летию Первого Статута, Вильнюс, 1982, s. 38-46.
Владимирский-Буданов М.Ф., Обзор истории русского права, Санкт Петербург, 1909.
Гудавичюс Э., Матулявичюс А., Альгирдас, în Великие князья литовские (XIII-XVIII), Vilnius, 2006.
Дзербіна Г. В., Брачно-семейные отношения и статус женщин на белорусских землях по законодательству XVI в. [w:] Женщины на краю Европы, red. Е. Гаповой, Минск, 2003, s. 24-32.
Дзербіна Г. В., Крынiцы магдэбургскага права у Вялiкiм Княстве Лiтоускiм XVI ст. [w:] Магдэбургскае права на Беларусі: Матэрыялы навуковай канферэнцыі. прысвечана 500-годдзю выдачы гораду Мінску граматы на магдэбургскае права, Мінск, 1999, s. 14-21.
Дзербіна Г. В., Некаторыя аспекты развіцця юрысдыкцыі царквы ў Вялікім Княстве Літоўскім [w:] Царква і культура Вялікага Княства Літоўскага і Беларусі XIII – XX стст, Гродно, 1992, s. 118-122.
Дзербіна Г. В., Права і сям’я ў Беларусі эпохі Рэнесансу, “Тэхналогія”, 1997.
Дзербіна Г. В., Статуты Вялікага Княства Літоўскага і прававая культура Рэнесансу [w:] Беларусь у дыялогу цывілізацый, red. А. Мальдзіс і інш., Мінск, 2002, s. 127-138.
Дзербіна Г. В., Тэндэнцыі Адраджэння ў сярэднявечным праве Беларусі, „Весці АН БССР. Сер. Гр. Навук”, 1987, t. 1, s. 23-30.
Дзербіна Г. В., The marriage and family relations by the legislation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the XVIth. century [w:] Factorul feminine in istorie, AŞM-USM, Chişinău, 2012, s. 188-197.
Заболотная Л., Имели ли женщины право на развод в XV-XVII вв.?, „Социальная история. Семья в раннее новое время”, Санкт-Петербург, 2009, s. 9-23.
Законодательные акты Великого Княжества Литовского XV-XVI вв., red. И. И. Яковкиным, Лениниград, 1936.
Лазутка С., Валиконите И., Гудавичюс Э., Первый Литовский Статут (1529), Вильнюс, 2004.
Лазутка С., Валиконите И., Имущественное положение женщины (матери, жены, дочери, сестры) привилегированного сословия по I Литовскому статуту, “Lietuvos TSR Aukśtuju mokyklu mokslo darbai, Istorija”, 1976, t. 16, s. 75-89.
Литовская Метрика. Отдел первый. Часть первая: книга записей. Том первый [w:] Русская историческая библиотека, издаваемая Императорскою Археографическою Комиссиею, t. 27, Сантк-Петербург, 1910, s. 419-429.
Ламарш M. M., Бабье царство: Дворянки и владение имуществом в России (1700-1861) [w:] Новое литературное обозрение, Москва, 2009, s. 33-35.
Предословие o великих князях Литовских, откуда они пошли. А се o них писание предложим (печается по рук. 16в.), t. 17, Санкт – Петербург, 1907.
Пушкарева Н. Л., Женская и гендерная история: прошлое и будущее научного направления в России [w:] Какмы пишем историю?, red. Г. Гаррета, Г. Дюфо, Л. Пименова, Н. Л. Пушкарева, 2013, s. 300-335.
Пушкарева Н. Л., Женщина в древнерусской семье (X-XV вв.), „Советская этнография”, 1988, nr 4, s. 87–98.
Пушкарева Н. Л., Женщины Древней Руси, Москва, 1989.
Пушкарева Н. Л., Зарубежная историография o социальном положении женщины в Древней Руси, „Вопросы истории”, 1988, nr 4, s. 140-150.
Пушкарева Н. Л., Имущественные права женщин на Руси X-XV вв,. „Исторические записки. Наука“, 1986, nr 114, s. 216-226.
Пушкарева Н. Л., Тhe Russian Woman and Her Property and Legal Status [w:] Atti instituto internationale di Storia economia «Fr. Datini», Prato-Firenze, 1990, s. 241–254.
Пушкарева Н. Л., Balanceakt fur Frauen im Ost und West (Podiumsgeschprach «Frauen zwischen Wissenschaft und Familie im Ost und West), „UniZurich. Zurich”, 1992, nr 1, s. 38–39.
Пушкарева Н. Л., Customs and Morals of Early Russia [w:] Midwest Slavic and National Hilandar Conference. May, 1–2, 1992, Columbus (Ohio), 1992.
Пушкарева Н. Л., The Ideal Image of a Spouse and its Evolution in Medieval Rus’ and Early Modern Russia (from the 12th until the 17th c.) [w:] Das Individum und die Seinen. Individualität in der okziden talen und in der russischen Kultur in Mittelalter und früher Neuzeit, red. L. Bessmertnyj, O. Oexle, Göttingen, 2001, s. 93-107.
Пушкарева Н. Л., Was the XVIth a Turning Point? [w:] La donna nell’ economia. Sec. XIII-XVIII. XXI settimana di studi instituto internationale di storia economia, Prato, 1989, s. 70–74.
Пушкарева Н. Л., Widowhood as a Part of Life Course [w:] XVII Congreso International de Ciencias Historicas. Summaries of Reports, t. 5.2, Madrid, 1990.
Пушкарева Н. Л., Women of Ancient Russia [w:] Soviet books: New Titles, Plans, Offers, Frankfurt, 1990.
Пушкарева Н. Л., Women in the Ancient Russian Family (Problems of New Discussion) [w:] Russian Traditional Culture: Religion, Gender, and Customary Law, red. M. M. Balzer. New York-London, 1992, s. 105–122.
Пушкарева Н. Л., Women in the Ancient Russian Family Structure, „Soviet Anthropology and Archeology”, 1991, nr 3, s. 57–73.
Пушкарева Н. Л., Women in the Medieval Russian Family from the 10th through 15th Centuries [w:] Russia’s Women: Accommodation, Resistance, Transformation, 1991, s. 29–44.
Пушкарева Н. Л., Women in Medieval Novgorod from 11th to the 15th c., „Soviet Studies in History”, 1985, t. 5, s. 71–90.
Пушкарева Н. Л., Women in Russian History: From the Tenth to the Twentieth Century, Armonk, 1997.
Рагаускене P., Радзивiли у Литвi, Князi Радзивiли, red. Ю. В. Ференцева, Киiв, 2012.
Репина Лорина П., Женщины и мужчины в истории: новая картина европейского прошлого. Очерки. Хрестоматия, Москва, 2002.
Российское Законодательство X-XX веков. Акты Земских Соборов, red. АГ. Маньков, t. 3, Москва, 1985, s. 44-45.
Софронович Ф., Хронiка з лiтописцев стародавнiх, red. Ю. А. Мицик, Кiев, 1992.
Статут Вялiкагā Княствā Лiтоyскāгā 1588. Тэксты. Даведнiк. Каментарыi, red. I. П. Броyкi, Мiнск, 1989.
License
- The Author hereby warrants that he/she is the owner of all the copyright and other intellectual property rights in the Work and that, within the scope of the present Agreement, the paper does not infringe the legal rights of another person.The owner of the copyright work also warrants that he/she is the sole and original creator thereof and that is not bound by any legal constraints in regard to the use or sale of the work.
- The Author grants the Purchaser non-exclusive and free of charge license to unlimited use worldwide over an unspecified period of time in the following areas of exploitation:
2.1. production of multiple copies of the Work produced according to the specific application of a given technology, including printing, reproduction of graphics through mechanical or electrical means (reprography) and digital technology;
2.2. marketing authorisation, loan or lease of the original or copies thereof;
2.3. public performance, public performance in the broadcast, video screening, media enhancements as well as broadcasting and rebroadcasting, made available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them;
2.4. inclusion of the Work into a collective work (i.e. with a number of contributions);
2.5. inclusion of the Work in the electronic version to be offered on an electronic platform, or any other conceivable introduction of the Work in its electronic version to the Internet;
2.6. dissemination of electronic versions of the Work in its electronic version online, in a collective work or independently;
2.7. making the Work in the electronic version available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them, in particular by making it accessible via the Internet, Intranet, Extranet;
2.8. making the Work available according to appropriate license pattern Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) as well as another language version of this license or any later version published by Creative Commons. - The Author grants the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan permission to:
3.1. reproduce a single copy (print or download) and royalty-free use and disposal of rights to compilations of the Work and these compilations.
3.2. send metadata files related to the Work, including to commercial and non-commercial journal-indexing databases. - The Author declares that, on the basis of the license granted in the present Agreement, the Purchaser is entitled and obliged to allow third parties to obtain further licenses (sublicenses) to the Work and to other materials, including derivatives thereof or compilations made based on or including the Work, whereas the provisions of such sub-licenses will be the same as with the attributed license pattern Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) or another language version of this license, or any later version of this license published by Creative Commons. Thereby, the Author entitles all interested parties to use the work, for non-commercial purposes only, under the following conditions:
4.1. acknowledgment of authorship, i.e. observing the obligation to provide, along with the distributed work, information about the author, title, source (link to the original Work, DOI) and of the license itself.
4.2. the derivatives of the Work are subject to the same conditions, i.e. they may be published only based on a licence which would be identical to the one granting access to the original Work. - The University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznań is obliged to
5.1. make the Work available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them, without any technological constraints;
5.2. appropriately inform members of the public to whom the Work is to be made available about sublicenses in such a way as to ensure that all parties are properly informed (appropriate informing messages).
Other provisions
- The University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznań hereby preserves the copyright to the journal as a whole (layout/stylesheet, graphics, cover design, logo etc.)