Czy naukowiec ma płeć? Rozważania na temat relacji w świecie nauki przez pryzmat stereotypów płciowych
PDF

Słowa kluczowe

stereotype
gender discrimination
researcher’s gender
language stereotypization
human sexuality

Jak cytować

Kośnik, K., & Węglerska, O. (2021). Czy naukowiec ma płeć? Rozważania na temat relacji w świecie nauki przez pryzmat stereotypów płciowych. Człowiek I Społeczeństwo, 51, 205–220. https://doi.org/10.14746/cis.2021.51.11

Abstrakt

The paper aims to study a problem of gender stereotypes present in the academic community, harming particular researchers (especially women). In the article chosen methods of stereotypes’ counteraction are focused and analysed in terms of their risks of stereotype preservation. The concept of feminatives as a proposition of gender equalization is reflected and presented from the perspective of their drawbacks in the field of social functioning. The gender stereotypes’ influence on research participants is treated as a special aspect of the problem, peculiarly in the area of human sexuality research due to specific feedback and results’ bias. The problem is analysed then both from the systemic (contextual) perspective of academia and the particular situation of research, showing that gender may but does not have to influence scientific work.

https://doi.org/10.14746/cis.2021.51.11
PDF

Bibliografia

Aronson, E., Wilson, T.D., Akert, R.M. (2006). Psychologia społeczna. Poznań: Zysk i S-ka Wydawnictwo.

Beisert, M. (2012). Pedofilia. Geneza i mechanizm zaburzenia. Gdańsk: Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne.

Bręński, S., Obrębska, M. (2017). Język, płeć i władza. Analiza leksykalna przemówień programowych polskich premierów. Socjolingwistyka, 31, 117–132.

Bullough, V.L. (1998). Alfred Kinsey and the Kinsey report: Historical overview and lasting contributions. Journal of Sex Research, 35, 127–131.

Campbell, R., Adams, A., Wasco, S., Ahrens, C., Sefl, T. (2010). „What has it been like for you to talk with Me today?”: The Impact of participating in interview research on rape survivors. Violence Against Women, 16, 60–83.

Carrell, S.E., Page, M.E., West, J.E. (2010). Sex and science: How professor gender perpetuates the gender gap. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 125(3), 1101–1144.

Catania, J.A., Binson, D., Canchola, J., Pollack, L.M., Hauck, W., Coates, T.J. (1996). Effects of interviewer gender, interviewer choice, and item wording on responses to questions concerning sexual behavior. Public Opinion Quarterly, 60, 345–375.

Dailey, R.M., Claus, R.E. (2001). The relationship between interviewer characteristics and physical and sexual abuse disclosures among substance users: A multilevel analysis. Journal of Drug Issues, 31(4), 867–888.

Ehrhardt, A.A. (1997). Gender. W: J. Bancroft (red.), Researching Sexual Behavior: Methodological Issues (ss. 361–362). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Fendrich, M., Johnson, T., Wislar, J.S., Shaligram, C. (1996). The impact of interviewer characteristics on drug use reporting by male juvenile arrestees. Journal of Drug Issues, 29, 37–58.

Fisher, T. (2007). Sex of experimenter and social norm effects on reports of sexual behavior in young men and women. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 36, 89–100.

Green, R., Sandall, J., Phelps, C. (2005). Effect of experimenter attire and sex on participant productivity. Social Behavior and Personality, 33(2), 125–132.

Hyman, H.H., Stember, C.H., Cobb, W.J., Feldman, J.J., Hart, C.W. (1954). Interviewing in Social Research. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Jastrząb, M. (1966). Wpływ płci ankietera na wyniki uzyskiwane w badaniach. W: Z. Gostkowski (red.), Analizy i próby technik badawczych w socjologii, t. 1 (ss. 147–185). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo PAN.

Johnson, T.P., Moore, R.W. (1993). Gender interactions between interviewer and survey respondents: Issues of pornography and community standards. Sex Roles, 28, 1–19.

Lamb, M.E., Garretson, M.E. (2003). The effects of interviewer gender and child gender on the informativeness of alleged child sexual abuse victims in forensic interviews. Law and Human Behavior, 27, 157–171.

Larkin, K.T., Ciano-Federoff, L.M., Hammel, D. (1998). Effects of gender of observer and fear of negative evaluation on cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress in college men. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 29, 311–318.

Levine, F.M., DeSimone, L.L. (1991). The effects of experimenter gender on pain reports in male and female subjects. Pain, 44, 69–72.

McCallum, E., Peterson, Z. (2012). investigating the impact of inquiry mode on self-reported sexual behavior: Theoretical considerations and review of the literature. The Journal of Sex Research, 49(2–3), 212–226.

Miller, J. (2010). The impact of gender when interviewing ‘offenders on offending’. W: W. Bernasco (red.), Offenders on Offending: Learning About Crime from Criminals (ss. 161–183). London: Willan.

Młodożeniec, M., Knapińska, A. (2013). Czy nauka wciąż ma męską płeć? Udział kobiet w nauce. Nauka, 2, 47–72.

Reuben, E., Sapienza, P., Zingales, L. (2014). How stereotypes impair women’s careers in science. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(12), 4403–4408.

She, H.C. (2006). Gender and grade level differences in Taiwan students’ stereotypes of science and scientists. Research in Science and Technological Education, 16(2), 125–135.

Shope, G.L, Hedrick, T.E., Geen, R.G. (1978). Physical/verbal aggression: Sex differences in style. Journal of Personality, 46, 23–42.

Steinke, J. (1997). A portrait of a woman as a scientist: Breaking down barriers created by gender-role stereotypes. Public Understanding of Science, 6(4), 409–428.

Stout, J.G., Grunberg, V.A., Ito, T.A. (2016). Gender roles and stereotypes about science careers help explain women and men’s science pursuits. Sex Roles, 75, 490–499.

Tourangeau, R., Smith, T.W. (1996). Asking sensitive questions: The impact of data collection mode, question format, and question context. Public Opinion Quarterly, 60, 275–304.

Wilson, S., Brown, N., Mejia, C., Lavori, P. (2002). Effects of interviewer characteristics on reported sexual behavior of California Latino couples. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Science, 24, 38–62.

Wojciszke, B. (2012). Psychologiczne różnice płci. Wszechświat, 113(1–3), 13–18.