Parental burnout and susceptibility to social evaluation
PDF (Język Polski)

Keywords

parental burnout
social evaluation
parenting competences

How to Cite

Włosiak, J., & Sikorska, I. (2024). Parental burnout and susceptibility to social evaluation. Człowiek I Społeczeństwo, 57, 197–215. https://doi.org/10.14746/cis.2024.57.9

Abstract

Parental burnout, manifested by emotional distancing from the child, mental and emotional exhaustion, and a sense of futility in being a parent, is a phenomenon whose symptoms are increasingly reported by parents. The aim of the presented research was to identify the relationship between parents’ susceptibility to social assessment (fear of being negatively perceived) and the level of their parental burnout. The research participants were parents of children up to 7 years of age (N = 327), including 88% women. Subjects recruited using the snowball method were invited to answer a survey on the Google platform. The Polish Version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA-PL), Social Inhibition Questionnaire (SIQ-15) and Sense of Negative Social Evaluation Scale were used to measure variables. In the study group, 5% of parents were observed to be in the area of high parental burnout and 15% in the area of risk, which is a high result when comparing to international data. The obtained findings indicate a weak, positive correlation between the level of parental burnout and multivariate social inhibition (r = .182; p < .001) and between the level of parental burnout and the sense of negative social evaluation (r = .278; p < .001). Lack of freedom in social relationships and susceptibility to negative evaluation by others are important for satisfaction with one’s own parenting competences.

 

https://doi.org/10.14746/cis.2024.57.9
PDF (Język Polski)

References

Allport, F.H. (1920). The Influence of the Group upon Association and Thought. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3(3), 159–182. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0067891

Aron, E.N. (2020). Wysoko wrażliwi rodzice. Łódź: Wydawnictwo Feeria.

Bakiera, L. (2014). Zaangażowanie w rodzicielstwo na tle współczesnej rodziny. Kultura i Edukacja, 2(102), 146–172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15804/kie.2014.02.07

Bakiera, L. (2020). Parentologia. Próba integrowania wiedzy naukowej o rodzicielstwie. W: Lucyna Bakiera (red.), Rodzicielstwo. Ujęcie interdyscyplinarne (ss. 17–43). Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu.

Borkowski, J. (2003). Podstawy psychologii społecznej. Warszawa: Dom Wydawniczy Elipsa.

Brianda, M.E., Mikolajczak, M., Bader, M., Bon, S., Déprez, A., Favez, N., Holstein, L., Le Vigouroux, S., Lebert-Charron, A., Sánchez-Rodríguez, R., Séjourné, N., Wendland, J., Roskam, I. (2023). Optimizing the Assessment of Parental Burnout: A Multi-informant and Multimethod Approach to Determine Cutoffs for the Parental Burnout Inventory and the Parental Burnout Assessment. Assessment, 30(7), 2234–2246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911221141873

Cohen, L. (2020). Playful Parenting. Rodzicielstwo przez zabawę. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Mamania.

Cottrell, N.B., Wack, D.L., Sekerak, G.J., Rittle, R.H. (1968). Social Facilitation of Dominant Responses by the Presence of an Audience and the Mere Presence of Others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9(3), 245–250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0025902

Crisp, R.J., Turner, R.N. (2009). Can Imagined Interactions Produce Positive Perceptions? Reducing Prejudice Through Simulated Social Contact. American Psychologist, 64(4), 231–240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014718

Deater-Deckard, K. (2004). Parenting Stress. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Denollet, J., Duijndam, S. (2019). The Multidimensional Nature of Adult Social Inhibition: Inhibition, Sensitivity and Withdrawal Facets of the SIQ15. Journal of Affective Disorders, 245, 569–579. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.035

Frost, R.O., Marten, P., Lahart, C., Rosenblate, R. (1990). The Dimensions of Perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14(5), 449–468. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01172967

Gizicka, D., Michalski, M., Szwarc, K. (2023). Młode Polki, młodzi Polacy i ich plany rodzinne. Raport z badań. Polskie Forum Nauk o Rodzinie i Społeczeństwie. https://polskieforumrodzicow.pl/nauka (dostęp: 30.05.2022).

Harwas-Napierała B. (2002). Wykorzystanie wiedzy psychologicznej o rozwoju człowieka w odniesieniu do rodziny. W: M. Czerwińska-Jasiewicz (red.), Wiedza z psychologii rozwoju człowieka w praktyce społecznej (ss. 69–111). Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu.

Havighurst, R.J. (1948). Developmental Tasks and Education. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Hubert, S., Aujoulat, I. (2018). Parental Burnout: When Exhausted Mothers Open up. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(1021). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01021

Jasielska, A., Maksymiuk, R. (2011). Skomercjalizowane rodzicielstwo – nowy aspekt wczesnej dorosłości. Psychologia Rozwojowa, 2(16), 33–49.

Kawamoto, T., Furutani, K., Alimardani, M. (2018). Preliminary Validation of Japanese Version of the Parental Burnout Inventory and Its Relationship with Perfectionism. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(970). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00970

Levinson, D.J. (1986). A Conception of Adult Development. American Psychologist, 41(1), 3–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066X.41.1.3

Liberska, H. (2020). Podstawowe teorie i koncepcje psychologii wychowania i uczenia się. W: H. Liberska, J. Trempała (red.), Psychologia wychowania: wybrane problemy (ss. 54–74). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.

Lin, G.-X., Goldenberg, A., Arikan, G., Brytek-Matera, A., Czepczor-Bernat, K., Manrique-Millones, D., Mikolajczak, M., Overbye, H., Roskam, I., Szczygieł, D., Ustundag-Budak, A.M., Gross, J.J. (2022). Reappraisal, Social Support, and Parental Burnout. The British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 61(4), 1089–1102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12380

Lindström, C., Åman, J., Norberg, A.L. (2011). Parental Burnout in Relation to Sociodemographic, Psychosocial and Personality Factors as Well as Disease Duration and Glycaemic Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Acta Paediatrica, 100(7), 1011–1017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02198.x

Mikolajczak, M., Roskam, I. (2018). A Theoretical and Clinical Framework for Parental Burnout: The Balance Between Risks and Resources (BR2). Frontiers in Psychology, 9(886). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00886

Mikolajczak, M., Gross, J.J., Roskam, I. (2019). Parental Burnout: What Is It, and Why Does It Matter? Clinical Psychological Science, 7(6), 1319–1329. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702619858430

Mikolajczak, M., Gross, J.J., Stinglhamber, F., Lindahl Norberg, A., Roskam, I. (2020). Is Parental Burnout Distinct from Job Burnout and Depressive Symptomatology? Clinical Psychological Science, 8(4), 673–689. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702620917447

Mikolajczak, M., Raes, M.E., Avalosse, H., Roskam, I. (2017). Exhausted Parents: Sociodemographic, Child-related, Parent-related, Parenting and Family Functioning Correlates of Parental Burnout. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27, 602–614, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0892-4

Ning, M., Chen, B., Chen, S., Hou, X. (2023). A Tale of Two Cities: Chinese Mothers’ Parental Burnout and Parenting Behaviors in Shanghai and Nanning. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 26, 503–511. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-023-01336-x

Norberg, A.L. (2007). Burnout in Mothers and Fathers of Children Surviving Brain Tumour. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 14, 130–137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-007-9063-x

Pelsma, D.M., Roland, B., Tollefson, N., Wigington, H. (1989). Parent Burnout: Validation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory with a Sample of Mothers. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 22(2), 81–87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07481756.1989.12022915

Plopa, M. (2007). Psychologia rodziny. Teorie i badania. Kraków: Oficyna Wydawnicza Impuls.

Roskam, I., Aguiar, J., Akgun, E., Arikan, G., Artavia, M., Avalosse, H., Aunola, K., Bader, M., Bahati, C., Barham, E.J., Besson, E., Beyers, W., Boujut, E., Brianda, M.E., Brytek-Matera, A., Carbonneau, N., César, F., Chen, B.B., Dorard, G., …, Mikolajczak, M. (2021). Parental Burnout Around the Globe: A 42-Country Study. Affective Science, 2, 58–79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42761-020-00028-4

Roskam, I., Raes, M.-E., Mikolajczak, M. (2017). Exhausted Parents: Development and Preliminary Validation of the Parental Burnout Inventory. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 163. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00163

Scheff, T.J. (2011). Social-emotional World: Mapping a Continent. Current Sociology, 59(3), 347–361. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392111400787

Sorkkila M. (2020). Risk Factors for Parental Burnout Among Finnish Parents: The Role of Socially Prescribed Perfectionism. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29, 648–659. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01607-1

Stein, A. (2012). Dziecko z bliska. Zbuduj szczęśliwą relację. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Mamania.

Szczygieł, D. (2023). Wypalenie rodzicielskie – uwarunkowania i konsekwencje. W: L. Bakiera (red.), Rodzicielstwo w zmieniającym się świecie. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Nauk Społecznych i Humanistycznych UAM.

Szczygieł, D., Sekulowicz, M., Kwiatkowski, P., Roskam, I., Mikolajczak, M. (2020). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20385

Validation of the Polish Version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA). NewDirections for Child and Adolescent Development, 174, 137–158.

Turner, J.H. (2006). Struktura teorii socjologicznej. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.

Więcławska, A. (2020). Męskość i ojcostwo a wyzwania kultury współczesnej. 21st Century Pedagogy, 4(1), 8–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ped21-2020-0002

Zajonc, R.B. (1965). Social Facilitation: A Solution Is Suggested for an Old Unresolved Social Psychological Problem. Science, 149(3681), 269–274. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.149.3681.269