Od spekulatywnego humoryzmu do eksperymentalnego fizjologizmu
PDF

Słowa kluczowe

speculativism of Hipocrates
Galen and naturalists of Enlightment
experimentalism of C. Bernard
I. Pavlov
J. Watson
B.F. Skinner

Jak cytować

Drozdowicz, Z. (2021). Od spekulatywnego humoryzmu do eksperymentalnego fizjologizmu. Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe, 34(2), 61–75. https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2021.2.4

Abstrakt

Pointing out the boundary after crossing which physiology of man stops being pseudoscience and becomes true science had been a task undertaken for a long time. Some of those attempts caused a greater and some a lesser reservation. Relatively limited ways of recognizing life processes, including the preveiling for centuries ban of doing autopsy, on many occasions opened widely a door for various pseudo and quasi scientific speculations. Numerous of them had survived through the centuries. Although with time passing by it had been proved that some of them a scientifically groundless they had been replaced with new ones. In my remarks I recall the example of speculative humourism as well several examples of experimental physiologism, including behaviorism which is still popular in science. Certainly, more of such examples can be given at any time. We cannot say however that diverse pseudoscientific speculations in physiology have been eradicated. We might say that today we are given a much smaller space for speculativism in that or other areas of biological research.

https://doi.org/10.14746/h.2021.2.4
PDF

Bibliografia

Bednarczyk A., Filozofia biologii europejskiego Oświecenia. Albrecht von Haller i jego współcześni, PWN, Warszawa 1984.

Bernard C., Introduction à l’étude de la médecine expérimentale, Paris 1934.

Bernard C., Lectures on the Phenomena of Life Common to Animals and Plant, Charles C. Thomas Press, Springfield, Illinois., USA 1974.

Cartoni E., Balleine B., Baldassarre G., Appetitive Pavlovian-instrumental, „Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews” 2016, no. 71.

Chomsky N., Reviews: Verbal behavior by B.F. Skinner, „Language” 1959, no. 35(1).

Chomsky N., Lingwistyka a filozofia: współczesny spór o filozoficzne założenia teorii języka, PWN, Warszawa 1977.

Crombie A.C., Nauka średniowiecznej i początki nauki nowożytnej, Instytut Wydawniczy PAX, Warszawa 1960.

Descartes R., Namiętności duszy, PWN, Warszawa 1958.

Ferster Ch.B., Skinner B.F., Schedules of Reinforcement, Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York 1957.

Garrison F.H., History of Medicine, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia 1966.

Gassendi P., Zarzuty piąte, w: R. Descartes, Medytacje o pierwszej filozofii, Antyk, Kęty 2001.

Grant M., Galen on Food and Diet, Routledge, London 2000.

Hatfield G., Descartes’ physiology and its relations to his psychology, w: The Cambridge Companion to Descartes, ed. J. Cottingham, Cambridge University Press 2005.

Jakobovits L.A., Miron M.S., Readings in the Psychology of Language, Prentice-Hall 1967.

La Mettrie J.O., Człowiek – maszyna, w: Dzieła filozoficzne, IFiS PAN, Warszawa 2010.

Lloyd G., Pneuma between body and soul, „Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute” 2007, no. 13.

Müller-Wille S., Linnaeus and the Four Corners of the World. The Cultural Politics of Blood, 1500–1900, Suny Press, New York 2014.

Nasierowski T., Nauka w okowach stalinizmu, Nariton, Warszawa 2002.

O’Donnell J.M., The Origins of Behaviorism, New York University Press, New York 1985.

Olmsted J.M.D., Harris E., Claude Bernard and the Experimental Method in Medicine, Henry Schuman, New York 1952.

Pavlov I.P., Conditioned Reflexes: An Investigation of the Physiological Activity of the Cerebral Cortex, „Nature” 1927, no. 121(3052).

Pavlov I.P., The work of the digestive glands, Griffin, London 1897/1902.

Rutherford A., B.F. Skinner and the auditory inkblot: The rise and fall of the verbal summator as a projective technique, „History of Psychology” 2003, no. 4.

Sandrone S., Brain Renaissance: From Vesalius to Contemporary Neuroscience, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2015.

Skinner B.F., The Behavior of Organisms, Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York 1938.

Skinner B.F., Beyond freedom and dignity, Vintage Books, New York 1972.

Skinner B.F., Verbal Behavior, Acton, MA: Copley Publishing Group, New York 1958.

Staddon J.E.R., The New Behaviorism: Foundations of behavioral science, Psychology Press, 2021.

Vesalius A., De humani corporis fabrica, transl. William Frank Richardson, On the Fabric of the Human Body, Oxford Press, Oxford 2005.

Watson J.B., Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It, „Psychological Review” 1913, no. 20(2).

Watson J.B., Behaviorism, University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1927.