Abstract
Tabletop Role-Playing Games (TRPGs or RPGs) group meetings follow a structure of collectively created narratives on three frames: social, game, and diegetic. Communication takes place on each one, while messages and emotions are transferred between them. The study focuses on ambiguity as a strategy chosen to achieve more than one goal. The phenomenon was analysed with the Discourse Units (DUs) taxonomy. Thirty scenes were examined, forming a four-hour meeting. Through quantitative analysis, the excerpts with the highest number of purposes were selected. The ambiguous fragments were then interpreted qualitatively. Out of 628 Discourse Units, only 13 were demonstrating an ambiguous nature.
References
Biber, D., Connor, U., Upton, T. A. (2007). Discourse on the Move: Using Corpus Analysis to Describe Discourse Structure. Computational Linguistics, 35(1), 105-207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.28
Biber, D., Conrad, S. (2009). Register, Genre, and Style. New York: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511814358
Biber, D., Egbert, J., Keller, D., Wizner, S. (2021). Towards a taxonomy of conversational discourse types: An empirical corpus-based analysis. Journal of Pragmatics, 171, 20–35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2020.09.018
Boersma, P., Weenink, D. (2023). Praat: Doing Phonetics by Computer. Online: <https://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat>. Date of access date: 10 September 2024.
Cwalina, W. (2012). Wieloznaczność poznawcza w komunikacji. In: A. Falkowski, T. Zaleśkiewicz (eds.), Psychologia poznawcza w praktyce. Ekonomia, biznes, polityka (pp. 187–261). Warszawa: PWN.
Dobrosz-Michiewicz, K. (2016). Struktura wieloznaczności poznawczej (na podstawie komunikowania w polityce). Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica, 32(2), 187–205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18778/1505-9057.32.14
Dobrosz-Michiewicz, K. (2017). Funkcjonalne aspekty komunikowania wieloznacznego – ocena nadawcy komunikatu. In: M. Grech, A. Siemes, M.z Wszołek (eds.), Badanie i projektowanie komunikacji 6 (pp. 385–394). Wrocław: Współpraca wydawnicza Wydziału Filologicznego Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego i Wydawnictwa LIBRON.
Dobrosz-Michiewicz, K. (2018). Wieloznaczność poznawcza jako strategia komunikacyjna. Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica, 41, 213–220. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18778/1505-9057.41.14
Egbert, J., Wizner, S., Keller, D., Biber, D., McEnery, T., Baker, P. (2021). Identifying and describing functional discourse units in the BNC Spoken 2014. Text& Talk, 41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/text-2020-0053
Fauconnier, G. (1995). Mental Spaces. Aspects of Meaning Construction in Natural Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511624582
Ferguson, C.A. (1975). Toward a Characterization of English Foreigner Talk. Anthropological Linguistics, 17(1), 1–14.
Ferguson, C.A. (1983). Sports announcer talk: Syntactic aspects of register variation. Language in Society, 12(2), 153–172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500009787
Fine, G.A. (2002). Shared fantasy: Role-playing games as social worlds (Paperback ed). Chicago, London: The University of Chicago Press.
Frenkel-Brunswik, E. (1949). Intolerance of ambiguity as an emotional and perceptual personality variable. Journal of Personality, 18, 108–143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1949.tb01236.x
Houtkoop, H., Mazeland, H. (1985). Turns and discourse units in everyday conversation. Journal of Pragmatics, 9(5), 595–620. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(85)90055-4
Quasthoff, U., Heller, V., Morek, M. (2017). On the sequential organization and genre-orientation of discourse units in interaction: An analytic framework. Discourse Studies, 19, 84–110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445616683596
Rewerska, A., Świdurska, A. (2023). RPGs: Small-scale register analysis using the taxonomy of discourse units. In: Z. Vetulani, P. Paroubek (eds.), Human Language Technologies as a Challenge for Computer Science and Linguistics (pp. 240–244). Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM.
Surdyk, A. (2008). Klasyfikacja interakcji w grach typu Role-Playing Games oraz relacje komunikacyjne i dydaktyczne w technice gier fabularnych. In: A. Surdyk, J. Z. Szeja (eds.), Kulturotwórcza funkcja gier. Gra w kontekście edukacyjnym, społecznym i medialnym (pp. 115-126). Homo Communicativus. Poznań: ZTiFK UAM.
Wald, B. (1976). The Discourse Unit: A Study in the Segmentation and Form of Spoken Discourse. Department of Linguistics (MS).
Zimmer, J. (1989). 12—Toward a Description of Register Variation in American Sign Language. In: C. Lucas (ed.), The Sociolinguistics of the Deaf Community (pp. 253–272). London: Academic Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-458045-9.50018-5
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Antonina Świdurska
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Szczegółowe informacje dotyczące prawa autorskiego zawarte są w umowie podpisywanej między wydawcą a autorem.