Czasowniki i kolokacje wyrażające spożywanie posiłków w języku bośniackim i polskim

Abstrakt

The article discusses verbs and collocations expressing the act of eating meals in Bosnian and Polish, e.g. doručkovati/jeść śniadanie (‘have breakfast’), kahvenisati/pić kawę, kawkować, kawoszyć (‘have coffee’). Four main semantic groups of verbs and collocations have been distinguished in the collected vocabulary: 1) indicating the consumption of main meals: doručkovati/jeść śniadanie, 2) referring to the consumption of additional meals, e.g. užinati/jeść podwieczorek (‘have afternoon tea’), 3) indicating the consumption of festive meals: iftariti/ there is no proper equivalent in the Polish standard language, so ‘eat a meal at the end of the all-day fast during Ramadan’, and 4) general, not indicating any specific meal, e.g. konzumirati/konsumować (‘consume’). The aim of the article is to semantically and equivalently develop the collected Bosnian and Polish material in order to present the similarities and differences visible in this semantic field. The material basis for this study was the dictionaries and corpora of both languages in question. The comparative method was used in the analysis to help present similarities and differences based on selected vocabulary from this semantic field. The analysis showed that Bosnian turned out to be more synthetic than Polish, which in turn seems to be more innovative, because in the system, alongside old forms that have a common origin with Bosnian forms, there are new forms, which is something not observed in Bosnian.