Keywords
tourism sector
tourist arrivals
tourism economy
crisis events
How to Cite
Abstract
The years 2020–2021 were very difficult for the tourism sector. The restrictions were introduced in almost every European country concerning the tourism movement and restrictions for activities of restaurants and hotel and accommodation services. As a result the losses of tourism sector were enormous. The aim of the article was to find the answer to a questions: what were the results of the foreign inbound tourism to Poland and Hungary during the COVID-19 pandemic (first, second, third wave)? What were solutions taken in Poland and Hungary concerning the tourism sector in the particular waves of COVID-19 pandemic?
References
Avraham E. 2021. Recovery strategies and marketing campaigns for global destinations in response to the COVID-19 tourism crisis. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26, 11: 1255-1269; https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2021.1918192
Bhaskara G.I., Filimonau V. 2021. The COVID-19 pandemic and organisational learning for disaster planning and management: A perspective of tourism businesses from a destination prone to consecutive disasters. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 46: 364-375.
Elnasr A., Sobaih E., Elshaer I., Hasanein A.M., Abdelaziz A.S. 2021. Responses to COVID-19: The role of performance in the relationship between small hospitality enterprises’ resilience and sustainable tourism development. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 94.
Jiricka-Pürrer A., Brandenburg C., Probstl-Haider U. 2020. City tourism pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic - Messages to take home for climate change adaptation and mitigation? Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 31; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2020.100329
Klimek K. 2010. Turystyka jako czynnik społeczno-gospodarczego rozwoju Szwajcarii. Polskie Towarzystwo Ekonomiczne, Kraków.
Mariolis T., Rodousakis N., Soklis G. 2021. The COVID-19 multiplier effects of tourism on the Greek economy. Tourism Economics, 27(8): 1848-1855, DOI: 10.1177/1354816620946547.
Matsuura T., Saito H. 2022. The COVID-19 pandemic and domestic travel subsidies. Annals of Tourism Research, 92.
Rahman M.K., Gazi A.I., Bhuiyan M.A., Rahaman A. 2021. Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on tourist travel risk and management perceptions, Plos One; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256486
Turystyka w 2018 r. 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny, Warszawa. Turystyka w 2019 r. 2020. Główny Urząd Statystyczny, Warszawa. Turystyka w 2020 r. 2021. Główny Urząd Statystyczny, Warszawa.
Winiarski R., Zdebski J. 2008. Psychologia turystyki. Wyd. Akademickie i Profesjonalne, Warszawa. Yanga Y., Altschulera B., Xiang Z.L., Lia R. 2021. Monitoring the global COVID-19 impact on tourism: The COVID19tourism index. Annals of Tourism Research, 90: 103-120; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.103120
Yul H., Hanyu1 B., Shiwei1 S. 2021. How does COVID-19 affect tourism in terms of people’s willingness to travel? Empirical evidence from China. Tourism Review, 76, 4: 892-909.
www.stat.gov.pl (dostęp: 17.11.2021).
www.unwto.org - UNWTO Statistics (dostęp: 3.12.2021). www.coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html - JHU CSSE COVID-19 Data (dostęp: 17.11.2021). www.bud.hu/budapest_airport/letoltheto_dokumentumok/statisztikak/forgalmi_jelentesek www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/idoszaki/jeltur/2020/helyzetkep_turizmus_2020.pdf www.ksh.hu/heti-monitor/turizmus.html
www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/tur/hu/tur0003.html www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/tur/hu/tur0043.html www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/tur/hu/tur0004.html www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/tur/hu/tur0005.html www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/tur/hu/tur0006.html www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/tur/hu/tur0009.html www.gov.pl/web/sport/- Ministry of Sport and Tourism of Poland
www.unwto.org/impact-assessment-of-the-COVID-19-outbreak-on-international-tourism (dostęp: 27.02.2022).
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Ewa Bąk-Filipek, Gábor Szalkai, Katarzyna Podhorodecka
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.