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local government
South Africa
integrated development planning
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Abstrakt
Wraz z nadejściem demokracji w Republice Południowej Afryki samorząd lokalny miał przejść transformację, aby stać się bardziej reprezentatywny i odpowiadać na potrzeby społeczności lokalnych. Granice jednostek zreformowano w taki sposób, aby całe terytorium państwa zostało pokryte przez gminy. Oprócz świadczenia podstawowych usług, takich jak dostarczanie wody pitnej i kanalizacja terenu, gminy muszą wspierać rozwój społeczny i gospodarczy. Muszą również przygotować Zintegrowany Plan Rozwoju, który wyznacza działania gminy wraz z ich budżetem oraz powinien zapewnić zintegrowane i skoordynowane świadczenie usług publicznych.
Samorząd lokalny boryka się jednak z poważnymi problemami, takimi jak brak kompetencji i środków, słabe zarządzanie oraz ograniczona koordynacja międzyinstytucjonalna i wewnątrzgminna. Prezydent Ramaphosa (kadencja 2018–2023) ogłosił model rozwoju lokalnego (District Development Model – DDM) mający na celu terytorializację i koordynację działań rządowych oraz wsparcie gmin w rozwiązywaniu ich problemów.
W artykule opisano wyzwania stojące przed samorządami oraz zarysowano koncepcję DDM i jej uzasadnienie w kontekście tychże wyzwań. Autorzy biorą pod uwagę potencjał tego modelu dla poprawy funkcjonowania samorządu lokalnego, polepszenia zarządzania przestrzennego oraz promowania rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego. Dochodzą jednak do wniosku, że DDM może nie spełnić oczekiwań, ponieważ nie odnosi się do podstawowych problemów. Wymagana jest bowiem pogłębiona rewizja obecnej koncepcji samorządu lokalnego, jego uprawnień, odpowiedzialności i relacji.
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Licencja
Prawa autorskie (c) 2022 Verna Nel, Stephanus Minnie
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowe.