Słowa kluczowe
deliberatywne współzarządzanie
proaktywna partycypacja
Jak cytować
Abstrakt
The paper explores the use of proactive participation tools in strengthening a deliberative governance (DG) within transition planning for coal regions. The main research question is: to what extent was the planning of the just transition in Polish Coal Regions (PCRs) based on the proactive participation postulated in the DG approach? Proactive participation, as applied in the case of PCRs supported by the Just Transition Fund (JTF) – including Eastern Greater Poland, the Walbrzych Subregion, the Belchatów Area of Transition (BAT), and the Silesian coal regions – have encountered a number of barriers during the programming of the Territorial Just Transition Plans (TJTPs). Therefore, the aim of the paper is to indicate the gaps in participatory practices during the programming of TJTPs for PCR that limit the DG. The study employs a focused comparison framework (FCF), combining a conceptual analysis of DG in context of detailed review of participatory instruments used in TJTPs across the PCRs. The methodology draws on the Horizon DUST project framework including in-depth interviews with policymakers and decision-makers in the four PCRs. The main findings highlight a detailed typology of gaps to proactive participation identified in the surveyed regions, including a limited range of participatory instruments, poor use of digital tools, lack of direct citizen involvement, insufficient consideration of local and sub-local levels, and the unsatisfactory commitment of public authorities.
Bibliografia
Andrews R., Beynon M.J. 2017. Managerial Networking and Stakeholder Support in Public Service Organizations. Public Organization Review, 17: 237-254. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-015-0340-0
ARRK 2021. Raport z partycypacji społecznej w ramach procesu sprawiedliwej transformacji w Wielkopolsce Wschodniej. Authors: I. Kurzawińska, M. Szymczak. Agencja Rozwoju Regionalnego w Koninie, Konin.
Bachtler J., Mendez C., Wishlade F. 2013. EU Cohesion Policy and European Integration: The Dynamics of EU Budget and Regional Policy Reform. Ashgate, Farnham.
Barca F. 2009. An Agenda for a Reformed Cohesion Policy. A place-based approach to meeting European Union challenges and expectations. Independent Report prepared at the request of Danuta Hübner, Commissioner for Regional Policy.
Brauers H., Oei P.Y. 2020. The political economy of coal in Poland: Drivers and barriers for a shift away from fossil fuels. Energy Policy, 144: 111621. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111621
Capello R., Nijkam P. 2009. Handbook of Regional Growth and Development Theories. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781848445987
Dean R. 2023. Participatory governance in the digital age: From input to oversight. International Journal of Communication, 17: 3563-3581.
Drobniak A. (ed.) 2023. Just transition in coal regions in Poland. Impulses, contexts and strategic recommendations. Publishing House of University of Economics in Katowice, Katowice.
ECR. 2024. Active subsidiarity: a fundamental principle of the EU better regulation agenda. Opinion of the European Committee of the Regions. C/2024/5366.
EU. 2018. Active subsidiarity: A new way of working – Report of the Task Force on Subsidiarity, Proportionality, and Doing Less More Efficiently. European Commission, Brussels.
EU. 2019. The European Green Deal. European Commission, COM(2019) 640 final.
EU Regulation. 2021. Regulation (EU) 2021/1056 of The European Parliament and of the Council of 24 June 2021 establishing the Just Transition Fund. L 231/1.
European Parliament. 2018. Prospects for e-democracy in Europe. European Parliamentary Research Service, Study Summary.
European Parliament. 2021. Citizens’ dialogues and Citizens’ participation in the EU decision-making. European Parliament resolution of 7 July 2021.
Falco E., Kleinhans R. 2019. Digital participatory platforms for co-production in urban development: A systematic review. Crowdsourcing: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications, 663-690. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8362-2.ch033
Fischer F. 2000. Citizens, Experts, and the Environment: The Politics of Local Knowledge. Duke University Press, Durham and London. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780822380283
Fishkin J.S. 2011. When the People Speak: Deliberative Democracy and Public Consultation. Oxford University Press, Oxford. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199604432.001.0001
Fung A. 2003. Recipes for Public Spheres: Eight Institutional Design Choices and Their Consequences. Journal of Political Philosophy, 11(3): 338-367. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9760.00181
Fung A. 2006. Varieties of participation in complex governance. Public Administration Review, 66(s1): 66-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00667.x
Fung A. 2008. Democratizing the policy process. [In:] R. Goodin, M. Moran, M. Rein (eds), Oxford Handbook of Public Policy. Oxford University Press, Oxford, p. 667-683. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199548453.003.0033
George A.L., Bennett A. 2005. Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. MIT Press, Cambridge.
Hajer M. 2003. A frame in the fields: policymaking and the reinvention of politics. [In:] M. Hajer, H. Wagenaar (eds), Deliberative Policy Analysis: Understanding Governance in the Network Society. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, s. 88-110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511490934.005
Healey P. 1997. Collaborative Planning: Shaping Places in Fragmented Societies. Macmillan Press Ltd., London.
Healy N., Barry J. 2017. Politicizing energy justice and energy system transitions: Fossil fuel divestment and a “just transition”. Energy Policy, 108: 451-459. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.06.014
Le Blanc D. 2020. E-participation: a quick overview of recent qualitative trends. DESA Working Paper, 163 (https://www.un.org/esa/desa/papers/2020/wp163_2020.pdf).
Madanipour A., Davoudi S. 2015. Reconsidering Localism. Routledge, New York. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315818863
Moodie J.R., Salenius V., Wøien Meijer M. 2021. Why territory matters for implementing active subsidiarity in EU regional policy. Regional Studies, 56(5): 866-878. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2021.1966404
Morgan K. 2018. Experimental governance and territorial development. Background paper for OECD/EC Workshop series “Broadening innovation policy”. OECD, Paris.
Moysan T., Ródenas-Rigla F. 2024. The Participatory Processes in Public Policy-Making: A Scoping Review. Societies, 14(244). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120244
Nowakowska A., Rzeńca A., Sobol. 2021. A. Place-Based Policy in the “Just Transition” Process: The Case of Polish Coal Regions. Land, 10: 1072. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/land10101072
NJTP. 2021. National Just Transition Plan. (Krajowy Plan Sprawiedliwej Transformacji). Ministerstwo Klimatu, Warszawa.
OECD. 2020. Innovative Citizen Participation and New Democratic Institutions: Catching the Deliberative Wave. OECD Publishing, Paris (access: 11.06.2020).
Pateman C. 2012. Participatory Democracy Revisited. Perspectives on Politics, 10(1): 7-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592711004877
Pike A., Rodríguez-Pose A., Tomaney J. 2016. Shifting horizons in local and regional development. Regional Studies, 51(1): 46-57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2016.1158802
Rowe G., Frewer L.J. 2000. Public participation methods: A framework for evaluation. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 25(1): 3-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/016224390002500101
Rowe G., Frewer L.J. 2005. A typology of public engagement mechanisms. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 30(2): 251-290. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243904271724
Sabel C.F., Zeitlin J. 2008. Learning from Difference: The New Architecture of Experimentalist Governance in the European Union. European Law Journal, 14(3): 271-327. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0386.2008.00415.x
Smith G. 2009. Democratic innovations: Designing institutions for citizen participation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511609848
Social Agreement. 2021. Social Agreement concerning the transformation of the hard coal mining sector and selected transformation processes of the Silesian Voivodeship. Katowice.
Social Agreement. 2022. Social Agreement for the Energy and Lignite Mining Sector. Warszawa.
Social TJTP of Walbrzych Subregion. 2021. Social Territorial Just Transition Plan. (Społeczny Terytorialny Plan Sprawiedliwej Transformacji Subregionu Wałbrzyskiego). Walbrzych.
Support Agreement. 2024. Social Support Agreement for Employees of the Power Generation and Mining Sector. Warsaw
TJTP of Eastern Greater Poland. 2022. Territorial Just Transition Plan of Eastern Greater Poland. (Terytorialny Plan Sprawiedliwej Transformacji Wielkopolski Wschodniej). Urząd Marszałkowski Województwa Wielkopolskiego, Poznań-Konin.
TJTP of Lodzkie. 2023. Territorial Just Transition Plan of Lodzkie Voivodeship. (Terytorialny Plan Sprawiedliwej Transformacji Województwa Łódzkiego). Urząd Marszałkowski Województwa Łódzkiego, Łódź.
TJTP of Lower Silesia – Walbrzych Subregion. 2022. Territorial Just Transition Plan of Lower Silesia – Walbrzych Subregion (Terytorialny Plan Sprawiedliwej Transformacji Województwa Dolnośląskiego 2021-2030 – Subregion Wałbrzyski). Urząd Marszałkowski Województwa Dolnośląskiego, Wrocław.
TJTP of Silesia. 2022. Territorial Just Transition Plan of Silesia Voivodeship (Terytorialny Plan Sprawiedliwej Transformacji Województwa Śląskiego). Urząd Marszałkowski Województwa Śląskiego, Katowice.
Topaloglou L., Kouskoura A., Janikowska O., Grozeva R., Nikolaidou K., Karagiannis I., Kulczycka J. 2024. The interplay between just energy transition and community engagement: Assessing collaborative pathways in Greece, Poland and Bulgaria. Energy Research & Social Science, 116: 103708. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103708
Turok I., Bailey D., Clark J., Du J., Fratesi U., Fritsch M., Harrison J., Kemeny T., Kogler D., Lagendijk A. 2018. Transitions in Regional Economic Development. Routledge, London. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315143736
UN. 2020. E-participation: A Quick Overview of Recent Qualitative Trends. DESA Working Paper, 163.
Wolfe D. 2018. Experimental Governance: Conceptual approaches and practical cases. Background paper for OECD/EC Workshop series “Broadening innovation policy”. OECD, Paris.
[www1]: https://www.dustproject.eu/
Licencja
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Adam Drobniak, Małgorzata Rogowska-Sawicz
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowe.