Abstrakt
The article is aimed at reconstructing the selected problems of English language adaptation in Japanese society. The author is convinced that there is a whole range of phenomena and paradoxes in Japan that fit perfectly the dilemma of cultural and national controversies around the English as a global language and around the concept of cultural imperialism. The main tension is connected with the fact that such societies as Japan want to keep their own mono-ethnicity and it is obvious that one of the most important components of it is native language treated as a form of embodiment of Japanese values and traditions. So, English is a threat to monolith of Japanese nation. On the other hand Japanese are aware that English helps their nation to rise the chance in global competition in global markets as well as it connects Japan to the world culture.
Bibliografia
Ahn H., English policy in South Korea: A role in attaining global competitiveness or a vehicle of social mobility? Journal of English as an International Language, 2013, 8, 1; http://asian-efl-journal.com/eilj/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/eilj2013_may2013. pdf
Algeo J., External History, [w:] The Cambridge History of the English Language. English in North America, vol. 6, red. John Algeo, Cambridge 2001.
Algeo J., Volume Editor’s Preface, [w:] The Cambridge History of the English Language. English in North America, vol. 6, red. John Algeo, Cambridge 2001.
Algeo J., The Origins and Development of the English Language, Boston 2010.
Arudou D., Don’t Blame Jet for Japans Poor English, The Japans Time Community, 7 Sep-tember 2010, http://www.japantimes.co.jp/community/2010/09/07/issues/dont-blame-jet-for-japans-poor-english/
Clark U., Studying Language: English in Action, New York 2007.
Davies A., Hamp-Lyons L., Kemp Ch., Whose norms. International Proficiency Tests in En-glish, World Englishes, 2003, 22, 4.
Green A., Testing Four Skills in Japan, JASELE Journal, Special Edition 2016, s. 137; https://uobrep.openrepository.com/uobrep/bitstream/10547/621952/2/NewDirectionsJASELEEnglishMSTonyGreenFeb2016.pdf
Hickey R., Standard English and Standards of English, [w:] Standards of English. Codified Varieties around the World, red. R. Hickey, Cambridge 2012: https://www.uni-due.de/~lan300/Standards_of_English_(Hickey).pdf
Honna N., English as a Multicultural Language in Asia and Intercultural Literacy, Intercultu-ral Communication Studies, 2005, XIV, 2, s. 74; http://web.uri.edu/iaics/files/06-Nobuyuki-Honna.pdf
Kachru B.B., Standards, Codification, and Sociolonguistic Realism: The English Language in the outer circle, [w:] English in the World, red. R. Quirk, H. Widdowson, Cambridge 1985.
Kirkpatrick A., Roland Sussex, Introduction, [w:] English as an International Language in Asia: Implications for Language Education, red. A. Kirkpatrick, Roland Sussex 2012.
Kubota R., Ideologies of English in Japan, World Englishes, 1998, 17, 3.
Kubota R., Questioning linguistic instrumentalism: English, neoliberalism, and language tests in Japan, Linguistics and Education, 2011, 22.
Locastro V., The English in Japanese university entrance examinations: a sociocultural analysis, World Englishes, 1990, 9, 3.
McIntyre D., History of English, London 2008.
Melosik Z., Kultura popularna i tożsamość młodzieży. W niewoli władzy i wolności, Kraków 2013.
Moody A.J., English in Japanese Popular Culture, World Englishes, 2006, 26, 2.
Pakir A., English as a lingua franca: analyzing research frameworks in international English, world Englishes and ELF, World Englishes, 2009, 28, 2. Reesor M., Japanese attitudes to English: Towards an explanation of poor performance, NUCB Journal of Language Culture and Communication, 2003, 5, 2.
Romaine S., Contact with Other Languages, [w:] The Cambridge History of the English Langu-age. English in North America, vol. 6, red. John Algeo, Cambridge 2001.
Santipolo M., On the Opposite Sides of the Continuum: Standard British English and Cockney. A Historical Outline of the Parallel Developments of the Two Varieties, Studi Linguistici e Filologici Online, 2003, 1, s. 404; adres internetowy: http://www.humnet.unipi.it/slifo/articolosantipolo.pdf
Stanlaw J., „For Beautiful Human Life”: the Use of English in Japan, [w:] Re-made in Japan. Everyday life and consumer taste in changing society, red. J.J. Tobin, New York 1992.
Suk Chang K., Language education in Japan and Korea: Policies, practices and challenges, [w:] Languages in a Global World: Learning for Better Cultural Understanding, red. B. Della Chiesa, J. Scott, C. Hinton, OECD Publishing 2012, http://www.asiapacificmle.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/OECD-Languages-in-a-Global-World.pdf
Templer B., High-Stakes Testing at High Fees: Notes and Queries on the International English Proficiency Assesment Market, http://www.jceps.com/wp-content/uploads/PDFs/02-1-07.pdf
Terasawa T., The „English divide” in Japan. A review of the empirical research and its implica-tions, Language and Information Sciences, 2012, 10, s. 112-113; http://repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2261/52662/1/lis01007.pdf
Zafar S., Imperialism of International Tests. An EIL Perspective Khan, English as an Internatio-nal Language: Perspectives and Pedagogical Issues, red. Farzad Sharifian, Toronto 2009.