Abstrakt
The article analyses adultism, or prejudice against children and young people as singled out of ageism, i.e. prejudice on grounds of age. Adultism involves a stereotypical perception of and approach to younger members of the society solely because they are young. Scientifictheories on young people and adolescence have transformed from those stressing the negative features of teenagers themselves and seeing adolescence as the “most difficult”development stage to those which highlight the potential of young people and the coming-of-age period as one of many equally important stages of life. Analysis of relevant literature and studies indicates that there is a need to fillthe gap both in the theoretical approach to adultism and in studies of prejudice against young people.
Bibliografia
Beaudoin M.-N., Taylor M., Breaking the culture of bullying and disrespect, grades k-8. Best practices and successful strategies, Corwin Press, California 2004.
Bell J., Understanding adultism: A key to developing positive youth-adult relationships, The Freechild Project, Olympia, WA 1995.
Bonino S., Cattelino E., Ciairano S., Adolescents and Risk. Behavior, Functions, and Protective Factors, Springer-Verlag, Italia 2005.
Buchanan C.M., Eccles J.S., Flanagan C., Midgley C., Feldlaufer H., Harold R.D., Parents and teachers beliefs about adolescents: Effects of sex and experience, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1990, 19.
Buchanan C.M., Holmbeck G.N., Measuring beliefs about adolescent personality and behavior, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1998, 27.
Cicchetti D., Rogosch F.A., A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective on Adolescence, Jour-nal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2002, 70, 1.
Delgado M., Community practice and urban youth. Social justice service-learning and civic enga-gement, Taylor & Francis, New York 2016.
Delgado M., Staples L., Youth-Led Community Organizing. Theory and Action, Oxford University Press, New York 2008.
Desai M., A rights based preventative approach of psychosocial well-being in childhood, Springer Science + Business Media, New York 2010.
Fishkin S.A., Sussman S., Stacy A.W., Dent C.W., Burton D., Flay B.R., Ingroup versus out-group perceptions of the characteristics of high-risk youth: negative stereotyping, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 1993, 7(1), 23, 13.
Gross E.F., Hardin C.D., Implicit and Explicit Stereotyping of Adolescents, Social Justice Rese-arch, 2007, 20, 2.
Hartt M., Adultism, Learning, and Autonomy: Effects of Adult Perceptions on Children’s Lear-ning, School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago 2014.
Jacobs J.E., Chihin Ch.S.K., Longitudinal links between perceptions of adolescence and the social beliefs of adolescents: are parents’ stereotypes related to beliefs held about and by their children?Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2005, 34, 2.
Jankowiak B., Zachowania ryzykowne współczesnej młodzieży. Studium teoretyczno-empiryczne, Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, Poznań 2017.
Jankowiak B., Kuryś-Szyncel K., Potencjał rozwojowy okresu adolescencji, [w:] Młodzież między ochroną a ryzykiem. Wspieranie rozwoju oraz pomoc psychologiczno-pedagogiczna dla adolescentów i adolescentem, red. B. Jankowiak, A. Matysiak-Błaszczyk, Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, Poznań 2017.
Jessior R., Foreword, [w:] Adolescents and Risk. Behavior, Functions, and Protective Factors, red. S. Bonino, E. Cattelino, S. Ciairano, Springer Verlag, Italia 2005.
LeFrançois B.A., Adultism, [w:] Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology, red. T. Teo, https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4614-5583-7_6, [dostęp: 25.07.2017].
Palmore E.B., Ageism: Negative and Positive, 2nd Edition, Springer Verlag, New York 1999.
Sikora J., Ageizm – zjawisko marginalne czy globalny problem? Przegląd Administracji Publicznej, 2013, 1.
Szukalski P., Ageizm – dyskryminacja ze względu na wiek, [w:] Starzenie się ludności Polski – między demografią a gerontologią społeczną, red. J.T. Kowaleski, P. Szukalski, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź 2008.
Szukalski P., Ageizm na polskim rynku pracy, [w:] Gospodarowanie zasobami pracy na początku XXI wieku. Aspekty makroekonomiczne i regionalne, red. R.Cz. Horodeński, C. Sadowska-Snarska, Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczna, Warszawa – Białystok 2009.
Szukalski P., Ageizm – przejawy indywidualne i instytucjonalne, [w:] Człowiek dorosły i starszy w sytuacji przemocy, red. M. Halicka, J. Halicki, A. Sidorczyk, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Białostockiego, Białystok 2009.
Świderska M., Ageizm jako problem społeczny, Pedagogika Rodziny, 2015, 5/4.Takanishi R., Changing views of adolescence in contemporary society, Teachers College Record, 1993, 94(3).
Urdan T., Pajares F., Foreword, [w:] Educating Adolescents: Challenges and Strategies, red. T. Urdan, F. Pajares, Information Age Publishing, Greenwich, Conn 2004.
Takanishi R., Changing views of adolescence in contemporary society, Teachers College Record, 1993, 94(3).Urdan T., Pajares F., Foreword, [w:] Educating Adolescents: Challenges and Strategies, red� T. Urdan, F. Pajares, Information Age Publishing, Greenwich, Conn 2004.
Bell J., Understanding adultism: A key to developing positive youth-adult relationships, The Freechild Project, Olympia, WA 1995.
Bonino S., Cattelino E., Ciairano S., Adolescents and Risk. Behavior, Functions, and Protective Factors, Springer-Verlag, Italia 2005.
Buchanan C.M., Eccles J.S., Flanagan C., Midgley C., Feldlaufer H., Harold R.D., Parents and teachers beliefs about adolescents: Effects of sex and experience, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1990, 19.
Buchanan C.M., Holmbeck G.N., Measuring beliefs about adolescent personality and behavior, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1998, 27.
Cicchetti D., Rogosch F.A., A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective on Adolescence, Jour-nal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2002, 70, 1.
Delgado M., Community practice and urban youth. Social justice service-learning and civic enga-gement, Taylor & Francis, New York 2016.
Delgado M., Staples L., Youth-Led Community Organizing. Theory and Action, Oxford University Press, New York 2008.
Desai M., A rights based preventative approach of psychosocial well-being in childhood, Springer Science + Business Media, New York 2010.
Fishkin S.A., Sussman S., Stacy A.W., Dent C.W., Burton D., Flay B.R., Ingroup versus out-group perceptions of the characteristics of high-risk youth: negative stereotyping, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 1993, 7(1), 23, 13.
Gross E.F., Hardin C.D., Implicit and Explicit Stereotyping of Adolescents, Social Justice Rese-arch, 2007, 20, 2.
Hartt M., Adultism, Learning, and Autonomy: Effects of Adult Perceptions on Children’s Lear-ning, School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago 2014.
Jacobs J.E., Chihin Ch.S.K., Longitudinal links between perceptions of adolescence and the social beliefs of adolescents: are parents’ stereotypes related to beliefs held about and by their children?Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2005, 34, 2.
Jankowiak B., Zachowania ryzykowne współczesnej młodzieży. Studium teoretyczno-empiryczne, Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, Poznań 2017.
Jankowiak B., Kuryś-Szyncel K., Potencjał rozwojowy okresu adolescencji, [w:] Młodzież między ochroną a ryzykiem. Wspieranie rozwoju oraz pomoc psychologiczno-pedagogiczna dla adolescentów i adolescentem, red. B. Jankowiak, A. Matysiak-Błaszczyk, Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, Poznań 2017.
Jessior R., Foreword, [w:] Adolescents and Risk. Behavior, Functions, and Protective Factors, red. S. Bonino, E. Cattelino, S. Ciairano, Springer Verlag, Italia 2005.
LeFrançois B.A., Adultism, [w:] Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology, red. T. Teo, https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4614-5583-7_6, [dostęp: 25.07.2017].
Palmore E.B., Ageism: Negative and Positive, 2nd Edition, Springer Verlag, New York 1999.
Sikora J., Ageizm – zjawisko marginalne czy globalny problem? Przegląd Administracji Publicznej, 2013, 1.
Szukalski P., Ageizm – dyskryminacja ze względu na wiek, [w:] Starzenie się ludności Polski – między demografią a gerontologią społeczną, red. J.T. Kowaleski, P. Szukalski, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź 2008.
Szukalski P., Ageizm na polskim rynku pracy, [w:] Gospodarowanie zasobami pracy na początku XXI wieku. Aspekty makroekonomiczne i regionalne, red. R.Cz. Horodeński, C. Sadowska-Snarska, Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczna, Warszawa – Białystok 2009.
Szukalski P., Ageizm – przejawy indywidualne i instytucjonalne, [w:] Człowiek dorosły i starszy w sytuacji przemocy, red. M. Halicka, J. Halicki, A. Sidorczyk, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Białostockiego, Białystok 2009.
Świderska M., Ageizm jako problem społeczny, Pedagogika Rodziny, 2015, 5/4.Takanishi R., Changing views of adolescence in contemporary society, Teachers College Record, 1993, 94(3).
Urdan T., Pajares F., Foreword, [w:] Educating Adolescents: Challenges and Strategies, red. T. Urdan, F. Pajares, Information Age Publishing, Greenwich, Conn 2004.
Takanishi R., Changing views of adolescence in contemporary society, Teachers College Record, 1993, 94(3).Urdan T., Pajares F., Foreword, [w:] Educating Adolescents: Challenges and Strategies, red� T. Urdan, F. Pajares, Information Age Publishing, Greenwich, Conn 2004.