Migracja chłopów polskich z Królestwa Polskiego na Syberię po reformie agrarnej Piotra Stołypina

Résumé

The mass voluntary migration from Polish lands began in the second half of the 19th century. An important stage in the tsarist policy of settlement inSiberiawas the  so-called agrarian reform according to the project of premier Pyotr Stolypin. From 1905 to 1914, 5580 peasants migrated from theprovinceofLublin, 1485 from theprovinceofChełm, and over 3000 from other provinces of the Kingdom. Compared with this number, the resettlement movement from the provinces on theVistula, that is territories ethnically Polish was utterly negligible and did not exceed 1% of all migrants. In the resettlement historiography the best known is the “migration rush from the Dąbrowskie Mining Region”. Among the causes for the “emigration rush” from the Region, apart from obvious stagnation in the coal industry and associated redundancies and deterioration of living conditions, the desire to possess one’s own plot of land is most frequently quoted, and most likely not without a reason. The outbreak of World War I arrested the resettlement behind the Ural.    The movement continued until 1916. Before the October Revolution started, approximately 300,000 to 500,000 Poles were to be found inSiberia.