Abstract
Marxist revisionism in Hungary has typically been associated with György Lukács and the so-called “Budapest school” which he established in late 1960s alongside Ágnes Heller, Ferenc Fehér, György Márkus and Mihály Vajda. Against the backdrop of the considerable achievements of this school, strictly focused around Marxist issues, several of Vajda’s texts devoted to European fascism stand out. In this article, the question is asked whether (and in what sense) these texts belong to the revisionist work of the Budapest school (or broader, to Hungarian Marxism-revisionism as such). Is there also a theory in this case which, under a layer of historico-philosophical analysis, contains a certain political message? The article consists of four parts. The first part presents the general picture of the phenomenon of Eastern European Marxist revisionism, and the second part briefly discusses revisionism in the version exercised by the Budapest school. Part three deals with the reconstruction of the main problematic themes of Vajda’s fascism theory, and part four refers directly to the question of the potentially revisionist dimension of this theory.References
Brown D. (1988), Towards Radical Democracy. The Political Economy of The Budapest School, Unwin Hyman, London–Boston–Sydney–Wellington.
Bulira W. (b.d.-a), Teoria krytyczna szkoły budapeszteńskiej. Od totalitaryzmu do postmodernizmu, maszynopis.
Bulira W. (b.d.-b), The Budapest School on Totalitarianism. Toward a New Version of the Critical Theory, w: Critical Theories and the Budapest School: Politics, Culture, Modernity, red. J. Rundell, J. Pickle, Routledge, New York (w druku).
De Felice R. (1976), Interpretacje faszyzmu, Czytelnik, Warszawa.
Fehér F., Heller Á., Márkus G. (1983), Dictatorship over Needs (2. wyd.), St. Martin’s Press, New York.
Fehér F., Heller Á., Márkus G., Vajda M. (1983), Notes on Lukács’ Ontology, w: Lukács Revalued, red. Á. Heller, Basil Blackwell, Oxford.
Griffith W. E. (1962), The Decline and Fall of Revisionism in Eastern Europe, w: Revisionism: essays on the history of Marxist ideas, red. L. Labedz, Praeger, New York.
Heller Á. (1991), The Theory of Need in Marx, w: Á. Heller, F. Fehér, The Grandeur and Twilight of Radical Universalism, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick– London.
Heller Á. (2015), Niczego nie żałuję (wywiad przeprowadzony przez W. Bulirę), „Przegląd Polityczny”, (131).
Kis J. (1989), Węgry 1956–57. Czas odbudowy systemu, Niezależna Oficyna Wydawnicza, Warszawa.
Klemperer V. (2016), Można było jednocześnie śmiać się i płakać. Dziennik rewolucji 1919 roku, TAWPN Universitas, Kraków.
Kołakowski L. (2001), Główne nurty marksizmu. Powstanie – Rozwój – Rozkład (I, t. III), Wydawnictwo Zysk i S-ka, Poznań.
Kornai J. (2008), Siła idei, Wydawnictwo Naukowe „Scholar”, Warszawa.
Lukács G. (1985), Taktyka a etyka, w: B. Jasiński, Lukács, Wiedza Powszechna, Warszawa.
Lukács G. (1988), Historia i świadomość klasowa. Studia o marksistowskiej dialektyce, PWN, Warszawa.
Lyons M. N. (2011), Two Ways of Looking at Fascism, „Socialism and Democracy”, vol 22 (2), http://sdonline.org/47/two-ways-of-looking-at-fascism.
Márkus G. (1978), Marxism and Anthropology: The Concept of „Human Essence” in The Philosophy of Marx, Van Gorcum, Assen.
Márkus G. (1994), The Politics of Morals, w: The Social Philosophy of Ágnes Heller, red. J. Burnheim, Rodopi, Amsterdam–Atlanta, GA.
Perecz L. (2008), The Background scenery: „Official” Hungarian philosophy and the Lukács Circle at the turn of the century, „Studies in East European Thought”, vol. 60 (1/2).
Piccone P. (1975), Reading the Grundrisse: Beyond „Orthodox” Marxism, „Theory and Society”, vol 2 (2).
Satterwhite J. H. (1992), Varietes of Marxist Humanism. Philosophical Revision in Postwar Eastern Europe, University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh.
Szelényi I., Konrád G. (1979), The Intellectuals on the Road to Class Power, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, A Helen and Kurt Wolff Book, New York–London.
Vajda M. (1971), On Fascism, „Telos”, (8).
Vajda M. (1972), Crisis and the Way Out: The Rise of Fascism in Italy and Germany, „Telos”, (12).
Vajda M. (1976), Fascism as a Mass Movement, St. Martin’s Press, New York.
Vajda M. (1985), What is „Real Socialism” a reaction to?, „Thesis Eleven”, vol. 12 (1).
Walicki A. (2015), Warszawska szkoła historyków idei. Kilka sprostowań i pytań, „Przegląd Polityczny”, (129).
Woroszylski W. (1990), Dziennik węgierski 1956, Biblioteka „Więzi”, Warszawa.
License
Articles published in "Central European Political Studies" are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. License (CC BY 4.0). They may be copied, redistributed and shared only if appropriate credit is given.