Abstract
The article is devoted to assessing the reflections of Belarusian and Ukrainian intellectuals on the dramatic events of 2020–2023 - the 2020 revolutionary uprising in Belarus and Russia’s full-scale invasion on February 24, 2022. Three important aspects are represented in the article: 1) the stance towards the past and the critical revision of the Soviet legacy; 2) the question of the national language, the extent to which it functions, and the prospects for its development; 3) the right to individual expression of one’s views, which is revealed in judgments about the existing situation and in the vision of the future. Some common features are noted in Belarusians’ and Ukrainians’ reflections on these events, as well as differences also being delineated, which are deepening with the passage of time.
References
Агеєва В., За лаштунками імперії. Есеї про українсько-російські культурні відносини, вид. 2-е, випр., Київ: Віхола, 2021.
Алейникова С., „Русский мир”: белорусский взгляд, Минск: РИВШ, 2017. Алексиевич С., Время секонд хенд, Москва: Время, 2014.
Алексиевич С., О проигранной битве. Нобелевская лекция Светланы Алексиевич, [в:] Електронний ресурс: https://arzamas.academy/mag/212-aleksievitch.
„Бум-Бам-Літ”. Антологія білоруської поетичної революції, Київ: Люта справа, 2020. Герасименко Н., Словами очевидців: література від Євромайдану до війни, Тернопіль: Джура, 2019.
Глинский М., Под бело-красно-белым флагом, или Краткая история белорусской литературы, [в:] Електронний ресурс: https://culture.pl/ru/article/pod-belo-krasno-belym-flagom-ili-kratkaya-istoriya-belorusskoy-literatury.
Грицак Я., Подолати минуле. Глобальна історія України, Київ: Портал, 2021.
Дубин Б., Слово – письмо – литература. Очерки по социологии современной культуры, Москва: НЛО, 2001.
Иванова Н., Русский крест. Литература и читатель в начале нового века, Москва: Время, 2011.
Липатов А., Увидеть себя, познав других (Размышление о национальных предубеждениях и стереотипах), [в:] Россия и русский человек в восприятии славянских народов, ред. А. Липатов, Ю. Созина, Москва: ООО „Центр книги Рудомино”, 2014, c. 9–23.
Писатель Альгерд Бахаревич: „Люди хотят истории успеха, но серьезная литература о лузерстве”, „Комсомольская правда. Беларусь”, [в:] Електронний ресурс: https://www. kp.by/daily/26932/3982340/ (25.01.2022).
Плохій С., Остання імперія. Занепад і крах Радянського Союзу, пер. з англ. Я. Лебеденка, А. Сагана, Харків: Книжковий Клуб „Клуб Сімейного Дозвілля”, 2019.
Резанова З. (отв. ред.), Ностальгия по советскому, Томск: Изд. Томского университета, 2011.
Рябчук М., Долання амбівалентності. Дихотомія української національної ідентичності – історичні причини та політичні наслідки, Київ: ІПіЕНД ім. І.Ф. Кураса НАН України, 2019.
Саттер Д., Доба безумства. Занепад і кінець Радянського Союзу, пер. з англ. Н. Комарової, Київ: Дух і Літера, 2017.
Харчук Р., Сучасна українська проза: постмодерний період, Київ: Академія, 2008. Чернявская Ю., Модель этоса современного белоруса: опыт культурологического исследования в интернете, [в:] „Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski”, 2010, № 1, c. 313–329.
Шор М., Українська ніч. Історія революції зблизька, пер. з англ. О. Буценка, Київ: Дух і Літера, 2018.
Эпштейн М., Постмодерн в русской литературе, Москва: Высшая школа, 2005.
Эткинд А., Кривое горе. Память о непогребенных, авториз. пер. с англ. В. Макарова, Москва: НЛО, 2016.
Gill G., Symbolism and regime change: Russia, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
Gosk H., Wychodzenie z „cienia imperium”. Wątki postzależnościowe w literaturze polskiej XX i XXI wieku, Kraków: Universitas, 2015.
Janka K. (ed.), Belarus inside out. Беларусь знутры i звонку, Минск: Б/изд., 2010.
Kiklewicz A., Pociechina H., Языковая креативность протестных дискурсов в Белоруссии после президентских выборов 2020 года, [в:] „Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski”, 2021, № XII/I, c. 269–303.
Żak E., Mieszkańcy rosyjskiej świadomości zbiorowej XX i XXI wieku. Bohater kryminałów Aleksandry Marininej i Borysa Akunina, Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka, 2014.
Ківа І. (упор.), Ми прокинемось іншими. Розмови з сучасними білоруськими письменниками про минуле, теперішнє і майбутнє Білорусі, Чернівці: Книги – ХХІ, 2021.
Лопата Є., Любка А. (упор.), Воєнний стан: антологія, передмова В. Залужного, Чернівці: Meridian Czernowitz, 2023.
Рафєєнко В. (упор.), Війна 2022: щоденники, есеї, поезія: антологія, Львів: Вид. Старого Лева; Варшава: Нова Польща, 2023.
Слабошпицький М., Велика війна. 2014... Україна: виклики, події, матеріали, Київ: Ярославів Вал, 2015
Aheyeva V., Za lashtunkamy imperiyi. Eseyi pro ukrayinsko-rosiyski kulturni vidnosyny [Behind the Scenes of Empire. Essays on Ukrainian-Russian Cultural Relations], Kyiv: Vilhola, 2021. Aleinikova S., „Russkiy mir”: belorusskiy vzglyad [“Russian world”: The Belarusian view], Minsk: RIVSh, 2017.
Aleksievich S., Vremya second hand [The Time of Second Hand], Moskva: Vremya, 2014. Aleksievich S., O proigrannoy bitve [About the lost battle. Svetlana Alexievich’s Nobel Lecture], [v:] Elektronnyj resurs: https://arzamas.academy/mag/212-aleksievitch.
Bum-Bam-Lit. Antolohiya bilorus’koyi poetychnoyi revoliutsii [Bum-Bam-Lit. Anthology of the Belarusian Poetic Revolution], Kyiv: Lyuta sprava, 2020.
Herasymenko N., Slovamy ochevydtsiv: literatura vid Yevromaydanu do viyny [In the words of witnesses: literature from Euromaidan to war], Termopil : Dzhura, 2019.
Glinsiy M., Pod belo-krasko-belym flagom, ili Kratkaya istoriya belorusskoy literatury [Under the White-Red-White Flag, or A Short History of Belarusian Literature], [в:] Elektronnyj resurs: https://culture.pl/ru/article/pod-belo-krasno-belym-flagom-ili-kratkaya-istoriya-belorusskoy-literatury.
Hrytsak Ya., Podolaty mynule. Hlobalna istoriya Ukrainy [Overcoming the Past. The global history of Ukraine], Kyiv, Portal, 2021.
Dubin B., Slovo – pismo – literatura. Ocherki po sotsiologii sovremennoy kultury [Word – Writing – Literature. Essays on the Sociology of Contemporary Culture], Moskva: NLO, 2001.
Ivanova N., Russkiy krest. Literatura i chitatel v nachale novogo veka [Russian Cross. Literature and the Reader at the Beginning of the New Century], Moskva: Vremya, 2011.
Lipatov A., Uvidet sebya, poznav drugikh (Razmyshlenie o natsionalnykh predubezhdeniyakh I stereotipakh) [Seeing Yourself by Knowing Others (Reflections on National Prejudices and Stereotypes)], [v:] Lipatov А., Sozina Yu. (ed.), Rossiya i russkiy chelovek v vospriyatii slavianskikh narodov [Russia and the Russian man in the perception of the Slavic peoples], Moskva: Rudimino, 2014, p. 9–23.
Pisatel Algerd Bakharevich: „Liudi khotiat uspekha, no serioznaya literature o luzerstve” [Writer Algerd Bakharevich: “People want success stories, but serious literature is about loserism”], „Komsomolskaya pravda. Belarus”, [v:] Elektronnyj resurs: https://www.kp.by/daily/26932/3982340/ (25.01.2022).
Plokhiy S., Ostannya impeiya. Zanepad i krakh Radyanskoho Soyuzu [The last empire. The Decline and Collapse of the Soviet Union], Kharkiv: Klub Simeynoho Dozvillya, 2019.
Rezanova Z. (otw. red.), Nostalgia po sovetskomu [Nostalgia for Soviet times], Tomsk: Izd. Tomskogo univesiteta, 2011.
Riabchuk M., Dolannya ambivalentnosti. Dykhotomiya ukrainskoyi natsionalnoyi identychnosti istorychni prychyny ta politychni naslidky [Overcoming ambivalence. The dichotomy of Ukrainian national identity historical causes and political consequences], Kyiv: IPiEND, 2019.
Sutter D., Doba bezumstva. Zanepad i kinets Radyanskoho Soyuzu [The Age of Madness. The Decline and End of the Soviet Union], Kyiv: Dukh i Litera, 2017.
Kharchuk R., Suchasna ukrainska proza: postmodernyi period [Contemporary Ukrainian prose: the postmodern period], Kyiv: Akademia, 2008.
Cherniavskaya Yu., Model etosa sovremennogo belarusa: opyt kulturologicheskogo issledovaiya v internete [Model of the Ethos of the Modern Belarusian: Experience of Cultural Research on the Internet], [v:] „Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski”, 2010, no 1, p. 313–329.
Shore M., Ukrainska nich. Istoria revolutsii zblyzka [Ukrainian Night. The history of the revolution up close], Kyiv: Dukh i Litera, 2018.
Epshtein M., Postmodern v russkoy literature [Postmodern in Russian Literature], Moskva:Vysshaya shkola, 2005.
Etkind A., Krivoe gore: Pamiat o nepogrebennykh [Crooked Grief. Memory of the Unburied], Moskva: NLO, 2016.
Gill G., Symbolism and regime change: Russia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139381673
Gosk H., Wychodzenie z „cienia imperium”. Wątki postzależnościowe w literaturze polskiej XX i XXI wieku [Emerging from the „shadow of empire”. Post-independence motifs in Polish literature of the 20th and 21st centuries], Kraków: Universitas, 2015.
Janka K. (ed.), Belarus inside out, Minsk 2010.
Kiklewicz A., Pociechina H., Yazykovaya kreativnost protestnykh diskursov posle prezidentskikh vyborov 2020 goda [Linguistic creativity of protest discourses in Belarus after the 2020 presidential election], [v:] „Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski”, 2021/XII/I, p. 269–303. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31648/pw.6476
Żak E., Mieszkańcy rosyjskiej świadomości zbiorowej XX i XXI wieku. Bohater kryminałów Aleksandry Marininej i Borysa Akunina [Inhabitants of the Russian collective consciousness of the 20th and 21st centuries. The protagonist of detective stories by Alexandra Marinina and Boris Akunin], Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka, 2014.
Kiva I., (upor.), My prokynemos’ inshymy. Rozmovy z suchasnymy biloruskymy pys’mennykamy pro mynule, teperishnye i maibutnye Bilorusi [We will wake up different. Conversations with contemporary Belarusian writers about the past, present and future of Belarus], Chernivtsi: Knyhy-XXI, 2021.
Lopata Y., Lyubka A. (upor.), Voyennyy stan: antolohiya [Martial law: anthology], Chernivtsi: Meridian Czernowitz, 2023.
Rafeyenko V. (ed.), Viyna 2022. shchodennyky, eseyi, poeziya: atnolohiya [War 2022. Diaries, essays, poetry: anthology], Lviv: Vyd. Staroho Leva; Varshava: Nova Polshcha, 2023.
Slaboshpytskyi M., Velyka viyna. 2014... Ukraina: vyklyky, podiyi, materialy [The Great War. 2014... Ukraine: challenges, events, materials], Kyiv: Yaroslaviv Val, 2015.
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
- The Author hereby warrants that he/she is the owner of all the copyright and other intellectual property rights in the Work and that, within the scope of the present Agreement, the paper does not infringe the legal rights of another person.The owner of the copyright work also warrants that he/she is the sole and original creator thereof and that is not bound by any legal constraints in regard to the use or sale of the work.
- The Author grants the Purchaser non-exclusive and free of charge license to unlimited use worldwide over an unspecified period of time in the following areas of exploitation:
2.1. production of multiple copies of the Work produced according to the specific application of a given technology, including printing, reproduction of graphics through mechanical or electrical means (reprography) and digital technology;
2.2. marketing authorisation, loan or lease of the original or copies thereof;
2.3. public performance, public performance in the broadcast, video screening, media enhancements as well as broadcasting and rebroadcasting, made available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them;
2.4. inclusion of the Work into a collective work (i.e. with a number of contributions);
2.5. inclusion of the Work in the electronic version to be offered on an electronic platform, or any other conceivable introduction of the Work in its electronic version to the Internet;
2.6. dissemination of electronic versions of the Work in its electronic version online, in a collective work or independently;
2.7. making the Work in the electronic version available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them, in particular by making it accessible via the Internet, Intranet, Extranet;
2.8. making the Work available according to appropriate license pattern Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) as well as another language version of this license or any later version published by Creative Commons. - The Author grants the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan permission to:
3.1. reproduce a single copy (print or download) and royalty-free use and disposal of rights to compilations of the Work and these compilations.
3.2. send metadata files related to the Work, including to commercial and non-commercial journal-indexing databases. - The Author declares that, on the basis of the license granted in the present Agreement, the Purchaser is entitled and obliged to allow third parties to obtain further licenses (sublicenses) to the Work and to other materials, including derivatives thereof or compilations made based on or including the Work, whereas the provisions of such sub-licenses will be the same as with the attributed license pattern Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)or another language version of this license, or any later version of this license published by Creative Commons. Thereby, the Author entitles all interested parties to use the work, for non-commercial purposes only, under the following conditions:
4.1. acknowledgment of authorship, i.e. observing the obligation to provide, along with the distributed work, information about the author, title, source (link to the original Work, DOI) and of the license itself.
4.2. the derivatives of the Work are subject to the same conditions, i.e. they may be published only based on a licence which would be identical to the one granting access to the original Work. - The University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznań is obliged to
5.1. make the Work available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them, without any technological constraints;
5.2. appropriately inform members of the public to whom the Work is to be made available about sublicenses in such a way as to ensure that all parties are properly informed (appropriate informing messages).
Other provisions
- The University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznań hereby preserves the copyright to the journal as a whole (layout/stylesheet, graphics, cover design, logo etc.)