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Abstrakt
During the short history of its existence, even before the state of Israel was born, the Education system in the area known today as Israel has constantly faced the challenge of providing equal, or at least somewhat state-controlled curriculum, budgeting and education in general. During the major periods of government change, various religious, socioeconomic and political groups had tried to reshape the education system to match their needs, creating schools, programs and funding plans accordingly. However, despite the evolving legislation and awareness, the Israeli Education System is heavily segregated based on religion, origins, and other factors. Whole populations are exempted by choice, or by lack of lobbying, while the main system remains to bring equity to a highly heterogenic school system. This article will show the challenges, stratification changes and shifts the system has faced on the way to provide quality education to the children of Israeli state.
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Szczegóły artykułu
Referencje
- Al-Hamishmar, Memshelet MAPAI- Zionim Klaliim heevira ba-Knesset “Hok Hinuch Mamlachti” ubecach hisla zerem haovdim vehizka hazramim hadatiim [The MAPAI government had passed the State Education Law and by doing so has ended the Labour stream and strengthened the religious streams]. Al-Hamishmar 1968. Retrieved from http://jpress.org.il/olive/apa/nli_heb/SharedView.Article.aspx?href=AHR/1968/04/30&id=Ar04400.
- Alboim-Dror R., Memshelet ha-mandat vehahinuch ha-ivri: tguvat hayeshuv lekolonializm tarbuti [The Mandate administration and the Hebrew education: the response of settlement to the cultural colonialism]. “Katedra” 1995, 75, 93–120.
- Arar K., Israeli education policy since 1948 and the state of Arab education in Israel. “Italian Journal of Sociology of Education” 2012, 4(1), 113–145.
- Ayalon H., Blass N., Feninger Y. & Shavit Y., I shivyon behinuch memechkar lemediniyut [Educational inequality: from research to policy]. Jerusalem 2019.
- Barak-Medina A., Hakzaat mash’abim behinuch, ikaron haintegracia vebatei sefer yehudiim bemigzarim shonim [Resource allocation in education, the integration principle and unique schools in different sectors]. Jerusalem 2003. Retrieved from: https://fs.knesset.gov.il/globaldocs/MMM/16e41ac7-9332-e811-80de-00155d0a0235/2_16e41ac7-9332-e811-80de-00155d0a0235_11_6987.pdf.
- Chen M., Levy A. & Adler H., Hativat habeinaim: halich vetozaa bemisrad hahinuch: lehaarachat truma shel hativat habeinaim lemaarechet ha hinuch [The middle school: process and outcome in the Ministry of Education: for assessing the input of middle school to the Education system]. Jerusalem 1978.
- Chief Scientist Office Madad hatipuah [The grooming index]. Accessed at https://edu.gov.il/sites/ChiefScientist/measure/Pages/ses-index.aspx, 2020.
- Davidson M., The rise and the implementation of the State Education Law, 1953 [Doctoral dissertation]. Tel-Aviv 2002.
- Gaziʻel Ḥ., Politics and policy-making in Israel’s education system. Sussex 1996.
- Greenberg E., Preparing the mothers of tomorrow: education and Islam in mandate Palestine. Austin 2010.
- Harel Ben-Shahar T., Asdara shel batei sefer pratiim bareranim: beit sefer Havrota kemikre mivhan [Regulation of private selective schools: Havrota school as case study]. Jerusalem 2012.
- Kashti I., Maarechet haHinuch beIsarael: hinuch betkufat hamandat habriti [The education system of Israel: education in the British Mandate era], in: Ishim ve-maasim beIsrael: sefer hayovel, eds. S. Aharoni & M. Aharoni.
- Knesset, Hok Hinuch Mamlachti – 1953; Hok Limud Hova – horaot shaa – 1953 Kria rishona [The State Education law – 1953; Compulsory Education law – temporary orders – 1953. First reading]. Jerusalem 1953.
- Rahman H., Education in Palestine: Current challenges and emancipatory alternatives, El-Bireh, 2015.
- Resnik J. ‘Sites of memory’ of the Holocaust: shaping national memory in the education system in Israel. “Nations and nationalism” 2003, 9(2), 297–317.
- Shwed U., Shavit Y., Dellashi M. & Ofek M., Policy paper 2014.12. Integration of Arab Israelis and Jews in schools in Israel, Israel 2014.
- Swirski S., Hinuch be-Israel: mahoz hamaslulim hanifradim [Educaiton in Israel: schooling for inequality]. Tel Aviv 1990.
- Swirski S. & Dagan-Buzgalo N., Education reform: making education work for all children. Tel-Aviv 2011.
- Tnuat Ha-Avoda, Hinuch betkufat hamandat [Education during the Mandate]. Retrieved from https://tnuathaavoda.info/education/home/7/1109679617.html [access: 2019].
- Weininger A., Bilingual institutions (Hebrew-Arabic) in the Education System. Jerusalem: Knesset. Retrieved from https://m.knesset.gov.il/EN/activity/mmm/Bilingual_Educational_Institutions.pdf [access: 21 of January 2019].
- Weisblay E., Tikzub batei sefer mukarim sheeinam rishmiim behinuch hayesodi venetutim hashvaatiim al mazavam hahevrati-kalkali shel batei sefer mimigzarim shonim (al pi meafjenej talmidim) [Budgeting of acknowledged unofficial elementary schools and comparative data on the socioeconomic state of schools from various sectors according to student data], Jerusalem 2017.
- Weisblay E. & Wininger A., Maarechet hahinumch be-Israel—sugiyot nivharot bethum isuka shel veadat ha hinuch, hatarbut vehasport shel ha-Knesset [The Education system in Insrael- selected issues in the works of the Education, Culture and Sports committee in the Knesset]. Jerusalem: 2015 Retrieved from https://m.knesset.gov.il/Activity/Info/MMMSummaries19/Education.pdf.
- Zondberg A., Bein hurban lanizahon-mashmaut ha Shoah berei haitonim hayomiim beisrael 1948–2003 [Between destruction and victory – the meaning of Holocaust as represented in the daily Israeli newspapers 1948–2003], in: Sikur kesipur, mabatim al siah hatikshoret be-Israel, eds.
- M. Neiger, M. Blondheim & T. Libs (pp. 191–215). Israel 2008. https://www.netanya.ac.il/Lecturers/DocLib1/Between-Destruction-and-Victory.pdf.
- Hok Hinuch Mamlachti [State Education Law], Sefer Ha-hukim 181, 137.
- Hok Limud Hova [Compulsory Education Law], Sefer Ha-hukim 5709, 287.
- Hok Zhujot Talmid [Student Rights Law], Sefer Ha-hukim 5765, 42, 401.
- Pkudat Ha Hinuch [The Education bill], Hukei Eretz-Israel, A(C), 593.
Referencje
Al-Hamishmar, Memshelet MAPAI- Zionim Klaliim heevira ba-Knesset “Hok Hinuch Mamlachti” ubecach hisla zerem haovdim vehizka hazramim hadatiim [The MAPAI government had passed the State Education Law and by doing so has ended the Labour stream and strengthened the religious streams]. Al-Hamishmar 1968. Retrieved from http://jpress.org.il/olive/apa/nli_heb/SharedView.Article.aspx?href=AHR/1968/04/30&id=Ar04400.
Alboim-Dror R., Memshelet ha-mandat vehahinuch ha-ivri: tguvat hayeshuv lekolonializm tarbuti [The Mandate administration and the Hebrew education: the response of settlement to the cultural colonialism]. “Katedra” 1995, 75, 93–120.
Arar K., Israeli education policy since 1948 and the state of Arab education in Israel. “Italian Journal of Sociology of Education” 2012, 4(1), 113–145.
Ayalon H., Blass N., Feninger Y. & Shavit Y., I shivyon behinuch memechkar lemediniyut [Educational inequality: from research to policy]. Jerusalem 2019.
Barak-Medina A., Hakzaat mash’abim behinuch, ikaron haintegracia vebatei sefer yehudiim bemigzarim shonim [Resource allocation in education, the integration principle and unique schools in different sectors]. Jerusalem 2003. Retrieved from: https://fs.knesset.gov.il/globaldocs/MMM/16e41ac7-9332-e811-80de-00155d0a0235/2_16e41ac7-9332-e811-80de-00155d0a0235_11_6987.pdf.
Chen M., Levy A. & Adler H., Hativat habeinaim: halich vetozaa bemisrad hahinuch: lehaarachat truma shel hativat habeinaim lemaarechet ha hinuch [The middle school: process and outcome in the Ministry of Education: for assessing the input of middle school to the Education system]. Jerusalem 1978.
Chief Scientist Office Madad hatipuah [The grooming index]. Accessed at https://edu.gov.il/sites/ChiefScientist/measure/Pages/ses-index.aspx, 2020.
Davidson M., The rise and the implementation of the State Education Law, 1953 [Doctoral dissertation]. Tel-Aviv 2002.
Gaziʻel Ḥ., Politics and policy-making in Israel’s education system. Sussex 1996.
Greenberg E., Preparing the mothers of tomorrow: education and Islam in mandate Palestine. Austin 2010.
Harel Ben-Shahar T., Asdara shel batei sefer pratiim bareranim: beit sefer Havrota kemikre mivhan [Regulation of private selective schools: Havrota school as case study]. Jerusalem 2012.
Kashti I., Maarechet haHinuch beIsarael: hinuch betkufat hamandat habriti [The education system of Israel: education in the British Mandate era], in: Ishim ve-maasim beIsrael: sefer hayovel, eds. S. Aharoni & M. Aharoni.
Knesset, Hok Hinuch Mamlachti – 1953; Hok Limud Hova – horaot shaa – 1953 Kria rishona [The State Education law – 1953; Compulsory Education law – temporary orders – 1953. First reading]. Jerusalem 1953.
Rahman H., Education in Palestine: Current challenges and emancipatory alternatives, El-Bireh, 2015.
Resnik J. ‘Sites of memory’ of the Holocaust: shaping national memory in the education system in Israel. “Nations and nationalism” 2003, 9(2), 297–317.
Shwed U., Shavit Y., Dellashi M. & Ofek M., Policy paper 2014.12. Integration of Arab Israelis and Jews in schools in Israel, Israel 2014.
Swirski S., Hinuch be-Israel: mahoz hamaslulim hanifradim [Educaiton in Israel: schooling for inequality]. Tel Aviv 1990.
Swirski S. & Dagan-Buzgalo N., Education reform: making education work for all children. Tel-Aviv 2011.
Tnuat Ha-Avoda, Hinuch betkufat hamandat [Education during the Mandate]. Retrieved from https://tnuathaavoda.info/education/home/7/1109679617.html [access: 2019].
Weininger A., Bilingual institutions (Hebrew-Arabic) in the Education System. Jerusalem: Knesset. Retrieved from https://m.knesset.gov.il/EN/activity/mmm/Bilingual_Educational_Institutions.pdf [access: 21 of January 2019].
Weisblay E., Tikzub batei sefer mukarim sheeinam rishmiim behinuch hayesodi venetutim hashvaatiim al mazavam hahevrati-kalkali shel batei sefer mimigzarim shonim (al pi meafjenej talmidim) [Budgeting of acknowledged unofficial elementary schools and comparative data on the socioeconomic state of schools from various sectors according to student data], Jerusalem 2017.
Weisblay E. & Wininger A., Maarechet hahinumch be-Israel—sugiyot nivharot bethum isuka shel veadat ha hinuch, hatarbut vehasport shel ha-Knesset [The Education system in Insrael- selected issues in the works of the Education, Culture and Sports committee in the Knesset]. Jerusalem: 2015 Retrieved from https://m.knesset.gov.il/Activity/Info/MMMSummaries19/Education.pdf.
Zondberg A., Bein hurban lanizahon-mashmaut ha Shoah berei haitonim hayomiim beisrael 1948–2003 [Between destruction and victory – the meaning of Holocaust as represented in the daily Israeli newspapers 1948–2003], in: Sikur kesipur, mabatim al siah hatikshoret be-Israel, eds.
M. Neiger, M. Blondheim & T. Libs (pp. 191–215). Israel 2008. https://www.netanya.ac.il/Lecturers/DocLib1/Between-Destruction-and-Victory.pdf.
Hok Hinuch Mamlachti [State Education Law], Sefer Ha-hukim 181, 137.
Hok Limud Hova [Compulsory Education Law], Sefer Ha-hukim 5709, 287.
Hok Zhujot Talmid [Student Rights Law], Sefer Ha-hukim 5765, 42, 401.
Pkudat Ha Hinuch [The Education bill], Hukei Eretz-Israel, A(C), 593.