Abstract
The aim of this article is to show the inconsistency of terminology, conceptual and substantive research on Vlachs, carried out on different areas of their residence. Seeing the need to clarify the terminology, the author proposes the use of names: “Wallachia”, “Wallachians” only in the sense of the state, in relation to the principalities of Wallachia and its people, and “Vlachia”, “Vlachs” only in the sense of ethno-society or social group. Particular attention was paid to the traps that you will encounter, examining various aspects of the life and activities of the Vlachs. The similarities on the Vlachian Right in contact with different regional conditions led to the formation of a completely new quality ethnic, legal and cultural factors that should be taken consider about conducting research. Only advanced international cooperation and joint research initiatives can yield significant progress in research about Vlachs.References
Anna Komnena, Aleksjada, t. 1, Wrocław – Warszawa – Kraków 1967, p. 131; t. 2, Wrocław – Warszawa – Kraków 1972, p. 34, 73-74.
Anonymi Bellae Regis notarii Historia Hungarica de septem primis ducibus Hungariae, w: J. Schwandtner, Scriptores Rerum Hungaricarum, t. 1, Vindobonae 1746, p. 10.
Anonymi Descriptio Europae Orientalis, ed. O. Górka, Cracoviae 1916, p. 13-14.
Anonymus Bele regis notarius, Gesta Hungarorum, wyd. G. Popa-Lisseanu, Bucureşti 1934, p. 32.
Armbruster Adolf, Romanitatea românilor, istoria unei idei, Bucuresti 1972.
Aromânii. Istorie, limba, destin, coord. Neagu Djuvara, Bucureşti 1996.
Barszczewska Agnieszka, Mołdawscy Csángó a Rusini Karpaccy (1867-1947). Problemy rozwoju tożsamości zbiorowej w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej w XIX i XX wieku, Warszawa 2012.
Бојанић Д., Власи у северной Србији и нихови први кануни, Историјски Часопис, т. XVIII, 1971, p. 225-269.
Borowski Stanisław, Materjały do ćwiczeń seminaryjnych z historji prawodastw słowiańskich, I: Statuty cara Stefana Duszana z lat 1349 i 1354, Warszawa 1934.
Chaloupecký Václav, Valaši na Slovensku, v Praze 1947.
Constantinus Porphyrogenitus, De thematibus et administrando imperio, Bonn 1840.
Constantinus Porphyrogrnitus, De thematibus et administrando imperio, Bonn 1840, p. 125 i n.
Czamańska Ilona, Problem pochodzenia Wołochów, w: Wędrówka i etnogeneza w starożytności i w średniowieczu, red. M. Salamon, J. Strzelczyk, Kraków 2004, p. 327-336.
Czamańska Ilona, Wołosi w Europie, w: Wołoskie dziedzictwo w Karpatach, Istebna 2007.
Czamańska Ilona, Этнические и политические граниы румынов, w: Гранични и етнонационални конфликти в Средна и Югоизточна Европа, София 2008.
Даскалов Георги, Армъните в Гъпция. История на един непризнат народ, София 2005.
Дуйчевъ Иванъ, Изъ старата българска книжнина, «Хемус» София 1944, p. 1-24.
Dobrowolski Kazimierz, Migracje wołoskie na ziemiach polskich, Lwów 1930.
Drago Roksandić, Triplex confinium ili o granicama i regijama hrvatske povjesti. 1500-1800, Zagreb 2003.
Geoffroy de Villehardouin, La conquête de Constantinople, éditée et traduite par Edmond Faral, t. I, II, Paris 1961.
Geoffroy de Villehardouin, Zdobycie Konstantynopola, ed. Zdzisław Pentek, Poznań 2003.
Georgius Cedrenus, Joannus Skylitzes opere, II, Bonnae 1839.
Hrvoje Petrić, Pogranična društva i okoliš. Varaždinski generalat i Križevacka županija u 17. stoljeću, Samobor – Zagreb 2012.
Jawor Grzegorz, Osady prawa wołoskiego i ich mieszkańcy na Rusi Czerwonej w późnym średniowieczu, wyd. II, Lublin 2004.
Карахасан-Чънар Ибрахим, Етническите малцинства в България, София 2005.
Kossakowski Stanisław Kazimierz, Monografie historyczno-genealogiczne niektórych rodzin polskich, t. III, Warszawa 1872.
Luković Miloš, Transhumantní migrace pastevců v centrálních a západních oblastech Balkánu, [in:] Tradíčni agrárni kultura v kontextu společenského vývoje středni Evropy a Balkánu, Eds. Z. Kłodnicki, M. Luković, P. Slarkovský, R. Stoličná, M. Válk, ,”Etnologické Studie”, Brno, 2012, 12, 147-196.
Marinković Pribislav B., Cincarsko-srpski rečnik, Beograd 2009. Marinow Kirył, „Góry Hemos jako miejsce schronienia, baza wojskowa i punkt obserwacyjny w świetle bułgarsko-bizantyńskich zmagań zbrojnych okresu wczesnego średniowiecza (The Haemus Mountains as a shelter, an attack outpost and an observation post i the lightof the Bulgarian-Bizantine military relations in the Elary Middle Ages)”, Balcanica Posnaniensia. Acta et studia, t. 21, 2013, p. 5-18.
Матковски Александар, Номадското сточарство во Македониja од XIV до XIX век, Скопjе 1996.
Поповић Д. Й., О Цинцарима. Пролози питању постанка нашег грађaнског друштва, Београд 2008.
Mirdita Zef, Vlasi starobalkanski narod (od povijesne Mojave do danas), Zagreb 2009.
Paisij Chilendarski, Słowianobułgarska historia, przełożył Franciszek Korwin Szymanowski, „Czytelnik”, Warszawa 1981, p. 30.
Papacostea Şerban, Between the Crusade and the Mongol Empire, Cluj-Napoca 1998.
Pol Wincenty, Rzut oka na północne stoki Karpat, Kraków 1851.
Powieść minionych lat, ed. F. Sielicki, Wrocław – Warszawa – Kraków 1999.
Przywilej lokacyjny miasta Tarłowiec z 1557 roku na obszarze Kobylnicy Ruskiej i Kobylnicy Wołoskiej, opr. Stanisław Baran, Ewa Gryń-Piszczek, Przemyśl 2007.
Robert de Clari, Zdobycie Konstantynopola, ed. Zdzisław Pentek, Poznań 1997.
Scriptores Rerum Hungaricarum, t. I, wyd. E. Szentpétery, Budapestini 1937.
Simon de Kéza, Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum, wyd. G. Popa-Lisseanu, Bucureşti 1935, p. 32, w: Scriptores Rerum Hungaricarum, t. I, wyd. E. Szentpétery, Budapestini 1937, p. 156-157.
Stadnicki Aleksander, O wsiach tak zwanych wołoskich na północnym stoku Karpat, Lwów 1848. Sučević Branko P., Razvitak „vlaških prava” u Varaždinskom generalatu, „Historijski zbornik”, br. 1-4, Zagreb 1953.
The Lemkos of Poland. Articles and Essays, ed. Paul Best, Jarosław Maklak, Kraków-New Haven 2000, see: Scriptores Rerum Hungaricarum, t. I, wyd. E. Szentpétery, Budapestini 1937, p. 45.
Trifon N., Cincari narod koji nastaje, Beograd 2010; Wołoskie dziedzictwo Karpat, red. Jan Szymik i Leszek Richter, Czeski Cieszyn 2008.
Зборник Константина Jиречека, I, Београд 1959; II, Београд 1962.
Здравева Милка, Тодоровски Глигор, Номадското сточарство во Македониja од XIX век до 1918, Скопjе 1997.
Zef Mirdita, Vlasi starobalkanski narod, Zagreb, 2009, p. 103.
License
- The Author hereby warrants that he/she is the owner of all the copyright and other intellectual property rights in the Work and that, within the scope of the present Agreement, the paper does not infringe the legal rights of another person.The owner of the copyright work also warrants that he/she is the sole and original creator thereof and that is not bound by any legal constraints in regard to the use or sale of the work.
- The Author grants the Purchaser non-exclusive and free of charge license to unlimited use worldwide over an unspecified period of time in the following areas of exploitation:
2.1. production of multiple copies of the Work produced according to the specific application of a given technology, including printing, reproduction of graphics through mechanical or electrical means (reprography) and digital technology;
2.2. marketing authorisation, loan or lease of the original or copies thereof;
2.3. public performance, public performance in the broadcast, video screening, media enhancements as well as broadcasting and rebroadcasting, made available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them;
2.4. inclusion of the Work into a collective work (i.e. with a number of contributions);
2.5. inclusion of the Work in the electronic version to be offered on an electronic platform, or any other conceivable introduction of the Work in its electronic version to the Internet;
2.6. dissemination of electronic versions of the Work in its electronic version online, in a collective work or independently;
2.7. making the Work in the electronic version available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them, in particular by making it accessible via the Internet, Intranet, Extranet;
2.8. making the Work available according to appropriate license pattern Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) as well as another language version of this license or any later version published by Creative Commons. - The Author grants the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan permission to:
3.1. reproduce a single copy (print or download) and royalty-free use and disposal of rights to compilations of the Work and these compilations.
3.2. send metadata files related to the Work, including to commercial and non-commercial journal-indexing databases. - The Author declares that, on the basis of the license granted in the present Agreement, the Purchaser is entitled and obliged to allow third parties to obtain further licenses (sublicenses) to the Work and to other materials, including derivatives thereof or compilations made based on or including the Work, whereas the provisions of such sub-licenses will be the same as with the attributed license pattern Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) or another language version of this license, or any later version of this license published by Creative Commons. Thereby, the Author entitles all interested parties to use the work, for non-commercial purposes only, under the following conditions:
4.1. acknowledgment of authorship, i.e. observing the obligation to provide, along with the distributed work, information about the author, title, source (link to the original Work, DOI) and of the license itself.
4.2. the derivatives of the Work are subject to the same conditions, i.e. they may be published only based on a licence which would be identical to the one granting access to the original Work. - The University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznań is obliged to
5.1. make the Work available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them, without any technological constraints;
5.2. appropriately inform members of the public to whom the Work is to be made available about sublicenses in such a way as to ensure that all parties are properly informed (appropriate informing messages).
Other provisions
- The University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznań hereby preserves the copyright to the journal as a whole (layout/stylesheet, graphics, cover design, logo etc.)