Słowa kluczowe
Matt-painted
Incised and encrusted
Fortified outposts
Mountainous paths
Late Bronze Age
Archaeology
Contacts
Jak cytować
Abstrakt
The Vardar and Struma rivers flow through the south-eastern Balkans, creating valleys which have been inhabited by human populations for thousands of years. From an archaeological perspective, from Neolithic times these corridors have long been considered crucial for establishing cultural, trade, and social networks, developed later by the emergence of cultural complexes of Late Bronze Age. This area was incorporated into wide archaeological frameworks of interregional interaction, namely – the world-system theory and its variants. The aim of this paper is an attempt to apply these theoretical models as well as concept of “contact space” to human interactions in the Vardar and Struma rivers’ valleys in the 2nd millennium BC. It analysis bases on tableware pottery evidences with data concerning presence of defensive outposts within easy to control mountainous paths, as well as chosen information deriving from funeral rites. These data may provide insights into the communication networks in south-eastern Balkans and mentioned river valleys may seem as an important area of mutual influences.
Finansowanie
This article is a result of a project funded by the National Science Centre of Poland (2016/21/N/HS3/00900)
Bibliografia
Alexandrov, S. (2002). The Late Bronze Age Settlement at Koprivlen. In A. Bozkova, P. Delev, D. Vul- cheva (eds.), Koprivlen Volume I. Rescue Archaeological Investigations Along the Gotse Delchev - Drama Road, 1998-1999 (p. 63-83). Sofia: Road Executive Agency, Archaeological Institute, Bul- garian Academy of Sciences.
Alexandrov, S., Petkov, V., Ivanov, G. (2007). The Late Bronze Age Necropolis in the Town of Sandanski, Southwest Bulgaria. In H. Todorova, M. Stefanovich (eds.), The Struma/Strymon River Valley in Prehistory. In the Steps of James Harvey Gaul (p. 373-387). Sofia: Gerda Henkel Stiftung.
Allen, M. (1997). Contested Peripheries: Philistia in the Neo-Assyrian World-System (Ph. D. Disserta- tion). Los Angeles: University of California, Interdepartmental Archaeology Program.
Andreou, S. (2003). Η Μυκηναϊκή κεραμική και οι μακεδονικές κοινονίες κατά την ύστερη εποχή του χαλκού. In N. Kyparissi-Apostolika, N. M. Papakonstantinou (eds.), 2nd International Interdiscipli- nary Colloquium - Periphery of the Mycenaean World (p. 191-210). Athens: Ministry of Culture - 14th Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities.
Andreou, S. (2009). Stratified Wheel Made Pottery Deposits and Absolute Chronology of the LBA to the EIA Transition at Thessaloniki Toumba. In S. Deger-Jalkotzy, A. Bächle (eds.), LH IIIC Chronology and Synchronisms III: LH IIIC Late and the Transition to Early Iron Age. Proceedings of the Inter- national Workshop at the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna (p. 15-40). Wien: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften.
Andreou, S. (2010). Northern Aegean. In E. H. Cline (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of The Bronze Age Aegean (p. 643-659). Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199873609.013.0048 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199873609.013.0048
Andreou, S., Fotiadis, M., Kotsakis, K. (1996). Review of Aegean Prehistory V: the Neolithic and Bronze Age of Northern Greece. American Journal of Archaeology, 100(3), 537-597. https://doi.org/10.2307/507028 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/507028
Andreou, S., Psaraki, K. (2007). Tradition and Innovation in the Bronze Age Pottery of Thessaloniki Toum- ba. Food and Drink Consumption and "Tableware" Ceramics. In H. Todorova, M. Stefanovich (eds.), The Struma/ Strymon River Valley in Prehistory. In the Steps of James Harvey Gaul (p. 397-420). Sofia: Gerda Henkel Stiftung.
Aslaksen, O. C. (2013). Global and Local in Late Bronze Age Central Macedonia. Economy, Mobility and Identity. Gothenburg: University of Gothenburg, Dept of Historical Studies.
Aslaksen, O. C. (2015). Travellers of the Bronze Age. Archaeologia Austriaca, 99, 11-30. https://doi.org/10.1553/archaeologia99s11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1553/archaeologia99s11
Athanassov, B., Kulov, I., Stockhammer, Ph. W. (2018). The Late Bronze Age Settlement at Bresto near the Village of Banya, Razlog Municipality. In S. Alexandrov, Y. Dimitrova, H. Popov, B. Horejs, K. Chukalev (eds.), Gold and Bronze. Metals, Technologies and Interregional Contacts in the East- ern Balkans during the Bronze Age (p. 420-423). Sofia: Nacionalen Archeologičeski Institut s Muzej. Becker, C., Kroll, H. (2008). Das Prähistorische Olynth. Ausgrabungen in der Toumba Agios Mamas 1994-1996. Ernaehrung und Rohstoffnutzung im Wandel. Rahden: VML Vlg Marie Leidorf. Berg, I. (1999). The southern Aegean system. Journal of World-Systems Research, 5(3), 475-484.
Bouzek, J. (1985). The Aegean, Anatolia and Europe: cultural interrelations in the 2nd millennium B.C. Gothenburg: Åström.
Bozhinova, E., Jung, R., Mommsen, H. (2010). Dragojna. A late bronze age hilltop settlement in the Bul- garian Rhodopes with imported Mycenaean pottery. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, 125, 45-97.
Buck, R. J. (1964). Middle Helladic Mattpainted Pottery https://doi.org/10.2307/147085 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/147085
Buxeda, J., Garrigos, I., Jones, R. E., Kilikoglou, V., Levi, T. S., Maniatis, Y., Mitchell, J., Vagnetti, L., Wardle, K. A., Andreou, S. (2003). Technology transfer at the Periphery of the Mycenaean World: The cases of Mycenaean Pottery found in Central Macedonia (Greece) and Plain of Sybaris (Italy). Archaeometry, 45, 263-284. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4754.00108 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4754.00108
Cambitoglou, A., Papadopoulos, J. K. (1993). The Earliest Mycenaeans in Macedonia. In C. P. Zern- er, J. Winder (eds.), Wace and Blegen. Pottery as evidence for trade in the Aegean Bronze Age 1939-1989 (p. 289-302). Athens - Amsterdam: J. C. Gieben.
Casson, S. (1968). Macedonia, Thrace and Illyria. Their relations to Greece from the earliest times down to the time of Philip son of Amyntas. Groningen: Bouma's Boekhuis.
Cavanagh, W., Mee, C. (1998). A Private Place: Death in Prehistoric Greece. Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology, 125.
Chase-Dunn, C., Hall, T. D. (1997). Rise and Demise: Comparing World-Systems. Boulder: Westview Press.
Dzhanfezova, T., Doherty, C., Grębska-Kulova, M. (2020). Understanding diversity in Early Neolithic pottery production: a study case from Southwest Bulgaria. Documenta Praehistorica, 47, 110-125. https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.47.7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.47.7
French, D. (1967). Index of Prehistoric Sites in Central Macedonia and Catalogue of Sherd Material in The University of Thessaloniki. Thessaloniki: Unpublished manuscript.
Gimatzidis, S., Pieniążek, M. (2018). Archaeology Across Frontiers and Borderlands: An Introduction. In S. Gimatzidis, M. Pieniążek, S. Mangalogu-Votruba (eds.), Archaeology Across Frontiers and Borderlands. Fragmentation and Connectivity in the North Aegean and the Central Balkans from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age (p. 9-27). Wien: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv92vpnk.4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv92vpnk.4
Grammenos, D. V., Besios, M., Kotsos, S. (1997). Από Tους Προϊστορικούς Οικισμούς Της Κεντρικής Μακεδονίας. Thessaloniki: Εταιρεία Μακεδονικών Σπουδών.
Greaves, A. (2007). Milesians in the Black Sea: Trade, settlement and religion. In V. Gabrielsen, J. Lund (eds.), The Black Sea in Antiquity: Regional and Interregional Economic Exchanges (p. 9-21), Aar- hus: University Press.
Grębska-Kulova, M. (2013). Ethnoarchaeological study of communication network in Southwestern Bul- garia. In A. Stoppiello, S. Biagetti (eds.), Ethnoarchaeology: current research and field methods (p. 140-145). Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.
Grębska-Kulova, M. (2017). The Neolithic Period in South-west Bulgaria. In E. Stojanova Kanzurova (ed.), Dragiša Zdravkovski In Memoriam. Cultural Manifestations during the Neolithic Period on the Territory of the Republic of Macedonia and Neighboring Regions (p. 243-279). Skopje: Archa- eological Museum of Macedonia.
Grębska-Kulova, M., Kulov, I. (2007). Prehistorical sites in the middle Struma River valley between the end of the VIIth mill. BC and the beginning of the Ist mill. BC. In H. Todorova, M. Stefanovich (eds.), The Struma / Strymon River Valley in Prehistory. In the Steps of James Harvey Gaul. Proce- edings of the International Symposium "Strymon Praehistoricus", Kjustendil - Blagoevgrad - Serres - Amphipolis (p. 279-297). Sofia: Gerda Henkel Stiftung.
Grębska-Kulova, M., Zidarov, P. (2020). Early Neolithic settlement Ilindentsi in the Middle Struma valley, south-western Bulgaria: Spatial organization and pottery. Bulgarian e-Journal of Archaeology, 10(2), 197-234.
Garaszanin, М. (1988). Настанак и порекло Илира. Less Illyriens et les Albanais, 10, 9-80.
Hall, T. D. (1986). Incorporation in the world-system: Toward a critique. American Sociological Review, 51, 390-402. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095309 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2095309
Hall, T. D., Kardulias, P. N., Chase-Dunn, C. (2010). World-Systems Analysis and Archaeology: Continu- ing the Dialogue. Journal of Archaeological Research, 19(3), 233-279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10814-010-9047-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10814-010-9047-5
Hänsel, B. (1979). Ergebnisse der Grabungen bei Kastanas in Zentralmakedonien. Jahrbuch des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, 26, 177-202.
Heurtley, W. A. (1939). Prehistoric Macedonia. An archaeological reconnaissance of Greek Macedonia (West of the Struma) in the Neolithic, Bronze and Early Iron Ages. Cambridge: The University Press Hochstetter, A. (1982). Spätbronzezeitliches und Früheisenzeitliches Formengut in Makedonien und im Balkanraum. In B. Hänsel (ed.), Südosteuropa zwischen 1600 und 1000 v. Chr (p. 99-118). Berlin: BRD
Hochstetter, A. (1984). Kastanas. Die handgemachte Keramik. Schichten 19 bis 1. Berlin: Verlag Volker Spiess.
Horejs, B. (2003). Η αμαυρόχρωμη κεραμική από την Όλυνθο - Άγιο Μάμα. Πρώτα αποτελέσματα. Το Αρχαιολογικό Έργο στη Μακεδονία και Θράκη, 17, 343-358.
Horejs, B. (2007). Macedonia: mediator or buffer zone between cultural spheres? In I. Galanaki, H. To- mas, Y. Galanakis, R. Laffineur (eds.), Between the Aegean and Baltic Seas. Prehistory Across Bor- ders (p. 293-306) (Aegaeum, 27).
Horejs, B. (2007a). Das Prähistorische Olynth: Ausgrabungen in der Toumba Agios Mamas, 1994-1996, Die spätbronzezeitliche handgemachte Keramik der Schichten 13 bis 1. Berlin: Marie Leidorf GmbH, Rahden/ Westf.
Jovčevska, T. (2008). Manastir. A Necropolis from the Transition from the Late Bronze Age Into the Iron Age. Veles: National Museum Marsal Tito 22 Veles.
Jung, R. (2002). Kastanas. Ausgrabungen in einem Siedlungshügel der Bronze- und Eisenzeit Makedoni- ens 1975-1979. Die Drehscheibenkeramik der Schichten 19 bis 11. Kiel: Oetker/ Voges.
Jung, R. (2007). Δώσ΄ μου φωτιά. 'Woher kamen die Brandbestattungsritender Spätbronzezeitlichen Ägäis? In I. Galanaki, H. Tomas, Y. Galanakis, R. Laffineur (eds.), Between the Aegean and Baltic Seas. Prehistory Across Borders (p. 215-232) (Aegaeum, 27).
Jung, R., Andreou, S., Weninger, B. (2009). Synchronisation of Kastanas and Thessaloniki Toumba at the end of the Bronze and the beginning of the Iron Age. In S. Deger-Jalkotzy, A. Bächle (eds.), LH IIIC Chronology and Synchronisms III: LH IIIC Late and the Transition to Early Iron Age. Proceedings of the International Workshop at the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna (p. 183-202). Wien: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften.
Jung, R., Alexandrov, S., Bozhinova, E., Mommsen, H., Hein, A., Kilikoglou, V. (2017). Mykenische Keramik in der Rhodopenregion. Herkunft, regionaler Kontext und sozialökonomische Grundlagen. Archaeologia Austriaca, 101, 269-302. https://doi.org/10.1553/archaeologia101s269 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1553/archaeologia101s269
Kančov, V. (1970). Избрани произведения, вол. I. Патуване по долината на Струма, Места и Брегалница, Битолски, Преспа и Охрадско. Sofia: Izdatelstvo Nauka i Izkustvo.
Karamitrou-Mentesidi, G. (2002). Αιανή. Η έκθεση στο Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο. Το Αρχαιολογικό Έργο στη Μακεδονία και Θράκη, 16, 601-623.
Karamitrou-Mentesidi, G. (2003). Μυκηναϊκά Αιανής-Ελιμιωτίδας και Άνω Μακεδονίας. In N. Kyparis- si-Apostolika, M. Papakonstantinou (eds.), 2nd International Interdisciplinary Colloquium - Periphery of the Mycenaean World (p. 167-190). Athens: Ministry of Culture - 14th Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities.
Kiriatzi, E., Andreou, S., Dimitriadis, S., Kotsakis, K. (1997). Co-Existing Traditions: Handmade and Wheelmade Pottery in Late Bronze Age Central Macedonia. In R. Laffineur, Ph. P. Betancourt (eds.), ΤΕΧΝΗ. Craftsmen, Craftswomen and Craftsmanship in the Aegean Bronze Age (p. 361-368) (Aega- eum, 16).
Knapett, C. (2011). An Archaeology of Interaction. Network Perspectives on Material Culture and Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199215454.001.0001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199215454.001.0001
Kostih, D. (1992). Праисторијске некрополе у Горњој Стражави. Зборник народног музеја, 14, 231-248.
Kolev, H. (1980). Пирински край: Етнографски, фолклорни и езикови проучвания. Sofia: Институт за етнология и фолклористика с Етнографски музей при БАН.
Koukouli-Chrysanthaki, C. (1992). Πρωτοϊστορική Θάσος: τα νεκροταφεία του οικισμού Καστρί. Athens: Ταμείο Αρχαιολογικών Πόρων.
Kristiansen, K. (1998). Europe Before History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kulov, I., Stefanovich., M. (2005). Селищен живот през късната бронзова епоха в Благоевградското поле. In G. Kitov, D. Dimitrova (eds.), Емите на България Люлка на Тракийската Култура (p. 27-39). Sofia: Университетско Издателство Св. Климент Охридски
Mitrevski, D. (1990). Куново Чуки кај Оризари - Могила II. Macedoniae Acta Archaeologica, 11, 59-77.
Mitrevski, D. (1995). Праисториската Некропола Клучка-Хиподром кај Скопје. Зборник. Нова Cерија, 1, 61-89.
Mitrevski, D. (1997). Праисшориски заедници во Македонија, Културно - историско наследство на Република Македонија ХХХVII. Скопје.
Mitrevski, D. (2003). Prehistory in Republic of Macedonia F.Y.R.O.M. In D. Grammenos (ed.), Recent Research in the Prehistory of the Balkans (p. 13-52). Thessaloniki: Archaeological Institute of Northern Greece; Athens: Archaeological Receipts Fund.
Mitrevski, D. (2007). The Beginning of the iron age in Macedonia. In H. Todorova, M. Stefanovich (eds.), The Struma/ Strymon River Valley in Prehistory. In the Steps of James Harvey Gaul. Proceedings of the International Symposium "Strymon Praehistoricus", Kjustendil - Blagoevgrad - Serres - Am- phipolis (p. 443-450). Sofia: Gerda Henkel Stiftung.
Mitrevski, D. (2013). Праисторија на република македонија, Македонија: милениумски културно-историски факти 2. Skopje: Media Print Makedonija.
Mitrevski, D. (2016). Skopje Fortress - Kale. From Prehistory to the Early Ancient Period. Skopje: PNV Publikacii.
Nenova, D. (2018). The Edge of an Era: Changing Aspects in the Southeast Balkans. Towards the End of the 2nd Millennium BC. In S. Gimatzidis, M. Pieniążek, S. Mangalogu-Votruba (eds.), Archaeology Across Frontiers and Borderlands. Fragmentation and Connectivity in the North Aegean and the Central Balkans from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age (p. 291-307). Wien: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv92vpnk.17 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv92vpnk.17
Peel, M. C., Finlayson, B. L., McMahon, T. A., (2007). Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 11, 1633-1644. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007
Pernicheva-Perets, L., Grębska-Kulova, M., Kulov, I. (2011). Balgarchevo. The Prehistoric Settlement I. Sofia: Craft House Bulgaria Ltd.
Pilali-Papasteriou, A., Papaefthymiou-Papanthimou, A. (2002). Die Ausgrabungen auf der Toumba von Archontiko. Prähistorische Zeitschrift, 77(2), 137-147. https://doi.org/10.1515/prhz.2002.77.2.137 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/prhz.2002.77.2.137
Poulaki-Pandermali, E. (1987). Ανασκαφη Αγιου Δημητριου Ολυμπου. Το Αρχαιολογικό Έργο στη Μακεδονία και Θράκη, 1, 201-208.
Pratt, M. A. (1991). Arts of Contact Zone. Profession, 91, 33-40.
Rey, L. (1917). Observations sur les premières habitations de la Macédoine. Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, 41-43, 1-175.
Rujak, Z. (2020). Carevi Kuli. Strumica. From Prehistory to the Roman Empire. Book 1. Strumica: Na- tional Institution for Protection of Cultural Monuments and Museum.
Schmidt, H. (1905). Die Keramik der makedonischen Tumuli. Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 37, 91-114. Schortman, E. M., Urban, P. A. (1992). The Place of Interaction Studies in Archaeological Thought. In
E. M. Schortman, P. A. Urban (eds.), Resources, Power, and Interregional Interaction (p. 3-15). New York: Plenum.
Schortman, E. M., Urban, P. A. (1999). Thoughts on the periphery: The ideological consequences of core/ periphery relations. In P. N. Kardulias (ed.), World-Systems Theory in Practice: Leadership, Produc- tion, and Exchange (p. 125-152). Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.
Sheratt, A. (1993). What Would a Bronze-Age World System Look Like? Relations Between Temperate Europe and the Mediterranean in Later Prehistory. European Journal of Archaeology, 1.2, 1-57. https://doi.org/10.1179/096576693800719293 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1179/096576693800719293
Smit, D. W. (1989). Mycenaean penetration into Northern Greece. In J. G. P. Best, N. M. W. De Vries (eds.), Thracians and Mycenaeans: Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of Thracology (p. 174-180). Leiden - Sofia: E. J. Brill, Association Terra Antiqua Balcanica.
Soukantos, I., Malamidou, D. (2019). Ofrynio Toumba, an example of habitation in Eastern Macedonia (Northern Greece) in the Late Bronze Age. Bulgarian e-Journal of Archaeology, 7, 191-210.
Stein, G. J. (2002). From Passive Periphery to Active Agents. Emerging Perspectives in the Archaeology of Interregional Interaction. American Anthropologist, 104(3), 903-916 https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.2002.104.3.903 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.2002.104.3.903
Stefani, E. (2015). Catalogue of Artefacts. In M. Szmyt (ed.), Everyday Life in Prehistoric Macedonia. Vol. 2. Poznań: Archeological Museum in Poznań.
Stefani, E., Meroussis, N. (1997). Incised and matt-painted pottery from Late Bronze Age settlements in Western Macedonia: technique, shapes and decoration. In R. Laffineur, Ph. P. Betancourt (eds.), ΤΕΧΝΗ. Craftsmen, Craftswomen and Craftsmanship in the Aegean Bronze Age (p. 353-359) (Aega- eum, 16). Liège: Universitè de Liège.
Stefanovich, M., Bankoff, H. A. (1998). Kamenska Čuka 1993-1995. Preliminary report. In M. Ste- fanovich, H. Todorova, H. Hauptman (eds.), James Harvey Gaul - In memoriam (p. 255-338). Sofia: The James Harvey Gaul Foundation.
Stefanovich, M., Kulov, I. (2007). Krsto Pokrovnik. Excavations at a Late Bronze Age Site in the Middle Struma River Valley, southwest Bulgaria. Preliminary results - 2004 season. In H. Todorova, M. Ste- fanovich (eds.), The Struma/Strymon River Valley in Prehistory. In the Steps of James Harvey Gaul (p. 389-396). Sofia: Gerda Henkel Stiftung.
Stockhammer, P. (2016). Annual Report: Bresto, prehistoric fortress in the mountains: digging in the time of Troy 2016 field school, Bulgaria Download from: https://ifrglobal.org/wp-content/up- loads/2018/01/Bulgaria-Bresto-2016-Report.pdf
Stockhammer, P., Athanassov, B. (2018). Conceptualising Contact Zones and Contact Spaces: An Ar- chaeological Perspective. In S. Gimatzidis, M. Pieniążek, S. Mangalogu-Votruba (eds.), Archaeolo- gy Across Frontiers and Borderlands. Fragmentation and Connectivity in the North Aegean and the Central Balkans from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age (p. 93-113). Wien: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv92vpnk.8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv92vpnk.8
Tonkova, M., Gotzev, A. (eds.) (2008). Trakiiskoto svetilishte pri Babyak I negovata arheologicheska sreda. Sofia.
Trajkovska, L. (1999). Градиште - Пелинце - истражување на сектор Две Могили, Macedonia Acta Archaeologica, 15, 47-61.
Tsafou, E. (2015). Εγχάρακτη κεραμική της Ύστερης Εποχής του Χαλκού στην Κεντρική Μακεδονία. Un- published MA Thesis, Thessaloniki: Aristotle University.
Valla, M. (2007). A Late Bronze Age Cemetery in Faia Petra, East of the Middle Strymon Valley. In H. Todorova, M. Stefanovich (eds.), The Struma/Strymon River Valley in Prehistory. In the Steps of James Harvey Gaul (p. 359-372). Sofia: Gerda Henkel Stiftung.
Videski, Z. (2004). Late Bronze Age necropolis Dimov Grob - Ulanci (Unpublished MA Thesis). Skopje: University of St. Cyril and Methodius.
Videski, Z. (2005). The Bronze Age at Vardarski Rid. In D. Mitrevski (ed.), Vardarski Rid (p. 91-104). Skopje: Foundation Vardarski Rid - Skopje, Institute for History of Art and Archaeology - Faculty of Philosophy.
Videski, Z. (2007). Mycenaean influences in the FYRO Macedonia identified in the Late Bronze Age ce- meteries. In I. Galanaki, H. Tomas, Y. Galanakis, R. Laffineur (eds.), Between the Aegean and Baltic Seas. Prehistory across borders (p. 211-214) (Aegaeum, 27).
Vokotopoulou, J. (1986). Βιτσα. Τα νεκροταφεια μιας Μολοσσικης Κομης. Athens: Ταμειου Αρχαιολογικων Πορων και Απαλλοτριωσεων.
Wace, A. J. B. (1914). The Mounds of Macedonia. The Annual of the British School at Athens, 20, 123-132. Wallerstein, I. (1974). The Modern World-System: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of European https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068245400009448 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068245400009448
World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century. New York: Academic Press.
Wardle, K. A. (1975). The northern frontier of Mycenaean Greece. Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies, 22, 206-212.
Wardle, K. A. (1980). Excavations at Assiros Toumba 1975-79. A Preliminary Report. The Annual of the British School at Athens, 75, 229-267. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068245400006420 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068245400006420
Wardle, K. A. (1988). Excavations at Assiros Toumba 1987. A Preliminary Report. The Annual of the British School at Athens, 83, 375-387. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068245400020827 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068245400020827
Wardle, K. A. (1989). Excavations at Assiros Toumba 1988. A Preliminary Report. The Annual of the British School at Athens, 84, 447-463. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068245400021092 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068245400021092
Wardle, K. A. (1993). Mycenaean trade and influence in Northern Greece. In C. P. Zerner, J. Winder (eds.), Wace and Blegen. Pottery as evidence for trade in the Aegean Bronze Age 1939-1989 (p. 117-141). Athens - Amsterdam: J. C. Gieben.
Zerner, C. W. (1978). The Beginning of the Middle Helladic Period at Lerna. University of Cincinnati. Unpublished PhD thesis.
Zidarov, P., Grębska-Kulova, M. (2013). Ethnoarchaeology in the Balkans. A View from Bulgaria. In A. Marciniak, N. Yalman (eds.), Contesting Ethnoarchaeologies: Traditions, Theories, Prospects (p. 95-123). New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9117-0_6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9117-0_6
Žeravica, Z. (2010). Brandbestattungssitten auf dem westlichen Balkan zwischen 1300 und 750 v. Chr. In M. Lochner, F. Ruppenstein (eds.), Akten des internationalen Symposiums an der Österreichischen Aka- demie der Wissenschaften in Wien (p. 135-143). Wien: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
Licencja
Prawa autorskie (c) 2022 Cezary Bahyrycz
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowe.