Retoryki i mechaniki bezpieczeństwa graczy w nordyckoamerykańskim dyskursie larpowym
PDF

Słowa kluczowe

larp
teatralna gra fabularna
role-playing
bezpieczeństwo
mechanika gry

Jak cytować

Mochocki, M. . (2020). Retoryki i mechaniki bezpieczeństwa graczy w nordyckoamerykańskim dyskursie larpowym. Homo Ludens, (1 (13), 179–202. https://doi.org/10.14746/HL.2020.13.11

Abstrakt

This paper investigates the evolution of larp safety in the NordicAmerican larp community in the last decade, tracing the correlation between safety rhetorics (opinions, arguments, and policies) and mechanics (explicit rules regulating player interactions). It appears that up to around 2010 there was a general acceptance of risk, with a significant share of responsibility for risk identification and harm prevention put on the player. This correlates with mechanics such as safety words, which expected players in distress to actively signal their discomfort. Safety measures expected from the organisers consisted mainly in providing safe off-game spaces, emotional support, and intervention whenever something harmful happened. Around 2014 the safety debate put a larger share of responsibility on players initiating potentially troubling interactions. This correlates with the ‘OK check’ mechanics which requires communication between the initiator and the target of such interactions. Around 2016 the safety debate moved to the position in which it requires organisers and participants to do their best to prevent harm from ever happening. This finds its expression in the rapidly expanding toolkit of mechanics of consent and calibration, which clearly put responsibility for overstepping someone’s boundaries on the one who oversteps. To simplify, the first approach obliged players and organisers to taking care of those who signalled they needed it. The second approach required caution and care in testing someone’s boundaries. The last one states that boundaries are to be carefully identified and respected – not tested.

https://doi.org/10.14746/HL.2020.13.11
PDF

Bibliografia

Algayres, M. (2019). The Evolution of the Depiction of Rape in Larp. Retrieved from Nordic Larp website: <https://nordiclarp.org/2019/05/20/the-evolution-of-the-depiction-of-rape-in-larp/>.

Axner, J. (2014). College of Wizardry 2014 Round-up. Retrieved from Nordic Larp website: <https://nordiclarp.org/2014/12/09/college-ofwizardry-2014-round-up/>.

Bartczak, K., & et al. (2015). Post-Progressive Larping Manifesto. Retrieved from Argos Blog website: <http://www.argos.edu.pl/en/miscellanea/178-manifest-larpingu-post-progresywnego>.

Bergström, K. (2010). Hamlet. In J. Stenros & M. Montola (Eds.), Nordic larp (1st print, pp. 133–141). Stockholm: Fea Livia.

Board Game Mechanics. (n.d.). Retrieved from BoardGameGeek website: <https://boardgamegeek.com/browse/boardgamemechanic>.

Bowman, S. L. (2010). The Functions of Role-Playing Games: How Participants Create Community, Solve Problems and Explore Identity. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Co.

Bowman, S. L. (2014). Returning to the Real World. Retrieved from Nordic Larp website: <https://nordiclarp.org/2014/12/08/debrief-returningto-the-real-world/>.

Bowman, S. L. (2017). A Matter of Trust – Larp and Consent Culture.

Retrieved from Nordic Larp website: <https://nordiclarp.org/2017/02/03/matter-trust-larp-consent-culture/>.

Bowman, S. L. (2018). Immersion and Shared Imagination in Role-Playing Games. In J. P. Zagal & S. Deterding (Eds.), Role-Playing Game Studies: Transmedia Foundations (pp. 379–394). New York: Routledge.

Bowman, S.L., Brown, M., Atwater, B., & Rowland, A. (2017). Larp Counselors: An Additional Safety Net. Retrieved from Nordic Larp website: <https://nordiclarp.org/2017/08/07/larp-counselors-additional-safety-net/>.

Branc, B. (2018). Imagine This: The Transformative Power of Edu-Larp in Corporate Training & Assessment (M. Mochocki, Ed.). Retrieved from <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323812997_Imagine_This_executive_summary>.

Branc, B., & Mochocki, M. (2018). Imagine This (Executive Summary). In M. Mochocki (Ed.), Imagine This: The Transformative Power of Edu-Larp in Corporate Training & Assessment (pp. 8–19; By B. Branc). Retrieved from <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323812997_Imagine_This_executive_summary>.

Brigante, R. (2019). Interactive, Intimate, Experiential: The Impact of Immersive Design. 2019 Immersive Design Industry Annual Report (N. Nelson, Ed.). Retrieved from <https://immersivedesignsummit.com/2019industryreport.pdf>.

Brown, A. M. L., & Stenros, J. (2018). Sexuality and the Erotic in Role-Play. In J. P. Zagal & S. Deterding (Eds.), Role-Playing Game Studies: Transmedia Foundations. New York: Routledge.

Brown, M. (2016). Creating a Culture of Trust through Safety and Calibration Larp Mechanics. Retrieved from Nordic Larp website: <https://nordiclarp.org/2016/09/09/creating-culture-trust-safety-calibrationlarp-mechanics/>.

Brown, M. (2017a). Safety and Calibration Design Tools and Their Uses. In A.Waern & J.Axner (Eds.), Shuffling the Deck: The Knutpunkt 2018 Printed Companion (pp. 65–76). Pittsburgh, PA: ETC Press.

Brown, M. (2017b). The Consent and Community Safety Manifesto. Retrieved from Nordic Larp website: <https://nordiclarp.org/2017/03/24/the-consent-and-community-safety-manifesto/>.

Carnes, M. C. (2014). Minds on Fire: How Role-Immersion Games Transform College. Harvard University Press.

Chaos League (2016). Introduction to Southern Way – New Italian Larp.

Retrieved from Nordic Larp website: <https://nordiclarp.org/2016/05/30/introduction-southern-way-new-italian-larp/>.

Dembiński, D. (2016). Świat larpowej turystyki. In P. Milewski (Ed.), Nasiona. Drzewa. Ogrody. (pp. 147–152). Warszawa: Stowarzyszenie Twórców Gier FUNREAL.

Fatland, E. (2013, June 26). Notes on Kutt, Brems and Emotional Safety. Retrieved from The Larpwright website: <http://larpwright.efatland.com/?p=339>.

HalflingSkyPirate (2015). “Du Kannst Was Du Darstellen Kannst” – The perfect LARP mechanic. Retrieved from Reddit website: .

Harviainen, J. T. (2006, October). Information, Immersion, Identity. The Interplay of Multiple Selves During Live-Action Role-Play. Journal of Interactive Drama, 1(2), 9–52.

Harviainen, J. T., Bienia, R., Brind, S., Hitchens, M., Kot, Y. I., MacCallumStewart, E., Sturrock, I. (2018). Live-Action Role-Playing Games. In J. P. Zagal & S. Deterding (Eds.), Role-Playing Game Studies: Transmedia Foundations (pp. 87–106). New York: Routledge.

Holkar, M. (2016). Larp and Prejudice: Expressing, Erasing, Exploring, and the Fun Tax. In J. Särkijärvi, M. Loponen, & K. Kangas (Eds.), Larp Realia – Analysis, Design, and Discussions of Nordic Larp (pp. 95–101).

Iuama, T. R. (2018). The Jeitinho Brasileiro Manifesto. Retrieved from Nordic Larp website: <https://nordiclarp.org/2018/12/29/the-jeitinhobrasileiro-manifesto/>.

Järvelä, S. (2012). The Golden Rule of Larp. In J. Pettersson (Ed.), States of Play: Nordic Larp Around the World (pp. 19–24). Helsinki: Pohjoismaisen roolipelaamisen seura.

Järvelä, S. (2014). The Golden Rule of Larp. In E. Saitta, M. Holm-Andersen, & J. Back (Eds.), The Foundation Stone of Nordic Larp: Knutpunkt 2014 (pp. 169–175). Knutpunkt.

Katsanis, A. (2020, July 7). UNC Professor Accused of Ignoring Students of Color’s Concerns over Role-Playing Class. The Daily Tar Heel. Retrieved from <https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2020/07/sociology-professor-racism-allegations-0707>.

Knutepunkt (2019). In Nordic Larp Wiki. Retrieved from <https://nordiclarp.org/wiki/Knutepunkt>.

Koljonen, J. (2016a, September 9). Toolkit: The OK Check-In. Retrieved from Safety in Larp website: <https://participationsafety.wordpress.com/2016/09/09/toolkit-the-ok-check-in/>.

Koljonen, J. (2016b, September 11). Toolkit: The Tap-Out. Retrieved from Safety in Larp website: <https://participationsafety.wordpress.com/2016/09/11/toolkit-the-tap-out/>.

Koljonen, J. (2016c, September 18). Toolkit: The “See No Evil” or Lookdown. Retrieved from Safety in Larp website <https://participationsafety.wordpress.com/2016/09/18/toolkit-the-see-no-evil-or-lookdown/>.

Live action role-playing game. (2019). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_action_role-playing_game>.

Mærsk, E., Cecilia, L., Rotvig, K., & Berner, A. (2019). Larp Safety Manifesto. Retrieved from Nordic Larp website: <https://nordiclarp.org/2019/02/15/larp-safety-manifesto/>.

Mochocki, M. (2017). From Live Action to Live Perception: Player Character’s Point of View. In Y. I. Kot (Ed.), Larp as a Social Tool (pp. 147–167). Retrieved from <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322150718_From_Live_Action_to_Live_Perception_Player_Character%27s_Point_of_View>.

Mochocki, M. (2021). Role-Play As a Heritage Practice: Historical LARP, Tabletop RPG and Reenactment. Abingdon & New York: Routledge.

Montola, M. (2010). The Positive Negative Experience in Extreme RolePlaying. In DiGRA Nordic’10: Experiencing Games: Games, Play, and Players (pp. 1–8). Retrieved from <http://www.digra.org/digital-library/publications/the-positive-negative-experience-in-extreme-role-playing/>.

Montola, M., & Holopainen, J. (2012). First Person Audience and the Art of Painful Role-Playing. In E. Torner & W. J. White (Eds.), Immersive Gameplay: Essays on Participatory Media and Role-Playing (pp. 13–30). Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Co.

Niskanen, N. (2017). Safer Larping. A Package of Materials to Combat and Prevent Harassment (A. Joensuu, Trans.). Retrieved from <https://turvallisempaa.files.wordpress.com/2017/06/safer_larping_package_v1.pdf>.

Pettersson, J. (Ed.). (2012). States of Play: Nordic Larp Around the World. Helsinki: Pohjoismaisen roolipelaamisen seura.

Pohjola, M. (2003). The Manifesto of the Turku School. In M. Gade, L.Thorup, & M. Sander (Eds.), As Larp Grows Up: Theory and Methods in Larp (pp. 32–43). Frederiksberg: Projektgruppen KP03.

Pre-larp Workshop. (2013). Retrieved from Nordic Larp Wiki website: <https://nordiclarp.org/wiki/Pre-larp_Workshop>.

Raasted, C. (Ed.). (2012). The Book of Kapo. Copenhagen: Rollespilsakademiet.

Stark, L. (2012a). Leaving Mundania: Inside the Transformative World of Live Action Role-Playing Games. Chicago: Chicago Review Press.

Stark, L. (2012b). Player Safety in Nordic Games. Retrieved from Leaving Mundania. Inside the World of Larp website: <http://leavingmundania.com/2012/04/26/player-safety-in-nordic-games/>.

Stark, L. (2014a, February 27). A Primer on Safety in Roleplaying Games. Retrieved from Leaving Mundania. Inside the World of Larp website <http://leavingmundania.com/2014/02/27/primer-safety-in-roleplaying-games/>.

Stark, L. (2014b, April 29). How to Become a Better Larper. Retrieved from Leaving Mundania. Inside the World of Larp website: <http://leavingmundania.com/2014/04/29/become-better-larper/>.

Stenros, J. (2010). Nordic Larp: Theatre, Art and Game. In J.Stenros & M.Montola (Eds.), Nordic larp (1st print, pp. 300–315). Stockholm: Fea Livia.

Stenros, J., & Bowman, S. L. (2018). Transgressive Role-Play. In J. P. Zagal & S. Deterding (Eds.), Role-Playing Game Studies: Transmedia Foundations. New York: Routledge.

Stenros, J., & Montola, M. (Eds.). (2010). Nordic Larp. Stockholm: Fea Livia.

Stenros, J., & Montola, M. (2010). The Paradox of Nordic Larp Culture. In J. Stenros & M. Montola (Eds.), Nordic Larp (1st print, pp. 15–29). Stockholm: Fea Livia.

Torner, E. (2017). Just a Little Lovin’ USA 2017. In A.Waern & J.Axner (Eds.), Shuffling the Deck: The Knutpunkt 2018 Printed Companion (pp. 53–61). ETC Press.

Vanek, A., & Peterson, A. (2016). Live Action Role-Playing (LARP): Insight into an Underutilized Educational Tool. In K. Schrier (Ed.), Learning and Education Games: Volume Two (pp. 219–240). Pittsburgh, PA: ETC Press.

Webb, M. (2018). Why Your LARP’s Safety System Will Fail: A Hacker’s Guide to Engineering Player Safety. Retrieved from The Fool Reversed website: <http://www.foolreversed.com/why-your-larps-safety-system-will-fail-a-hackers-guide-to-engineering-player-safety/>.

Zagal, J. P., & Deterding, S. (2018). Definitions of “Role-Playing Games.” In J. P. Zagal & S. Deterding (Eds.), Role-Playing Game Studies: Transmedia Foundations. New York: Routledge.