Abstrakt
Thanks to the participation of a large number of persons via web-based games, a large-sized evolutionary lexical network is available for French. With this resource, we tackled the question of the determination of the word usages of a term, and then we introduced the notion of similarity between these various word usages. So, for a given term, we were able to build its word usage tree: the root groups together all its possible usages and a search in the tree corresponds to a refinement of these word usages. The labelling of the various nodes of the word usage tree of a term is made during a breadth-first search: the root is labelled by the term itself and each node of the tree is labelled by a term stemming from the clique or quasi-clique this node represents. We show on a precise example that it is possible that some nodes of the tree, often leaves, cannot be labelled without ambiguity. This paper ends with an evaluation about word usages detected in our lexical network.Bibliografia
Collins A., Quillian M.R.: Retrieval time from semantic memory, Journal of verbal learning and verbal behaviour, 8 (2), pp. 240-248 (1969)
Sowa J.: Semantic networks, Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence, edited by S.C. Shapiro, Wiley, New York (1992)
Gaume B. « Cartographier la forme du sens dans les petits mondes lexicaux », Journées internationales d’Analyse statistiques des Données Textuelles (JADT), Besançon, France, pp. 451-465 (2006)
Gaume B., Duvignau K., Vanhove M. : Semantic associations and confluences in paradigmatic networks , In : Typologie des rapprochements sémantiques, M. Vanhove éd. (2007)
Polguère A.: Structural properties of Lexical Systems: Monolingual and Multilingual Perspectives, In: Workshop on Multilingual Language Resources and Interoperability (COLING/ACL 2006), Sydney, pp. 50-59 (2006)
Mel’čuk I.A. : Dictionnaire explicatif et combinatoire du français contemporain, Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal (1988).
Mel’čuk I.A., Clas A., Polguère A. : Introduction à la lexicologie explicative et combinatoire, Editions Duculot AUPELF-UREF (1995)
Polguère A. : Lexicologie et Sémantique lexicale, Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal (2003)
Schwab D. et Lafourcade M.: Modelling, Detection and Exploitation of Lexical Functions for Analysis , ECTI Journal, 2007, vol.2, ISSN 1905-050X, pp. 97-108 (2007)
Lafourcade M., Joubert A. : Détermination des sens d’usage dans un réseau lexical construit grâce à un jeu en ligne, Traitement Automatique des Langues Naturelles (TALN’08), Avignon, pp. 189-199 (2008)
von Ahn L., Dabbish L.: Labelling Images with a Computer Game, ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI), pp. 319-326 (2004)
Lafourcade M., Joubert A. : Détermination et pondération des raffinements d’un terme à partir de son arbre des usages nommés, Traitement Automatique des Langues Naturelles (TALN’10), Montréal (2010)
Mihalcea R., Chklovski T.: Open Mind Word Expert: Creating Large Annotated Data Collections with Web Users' Help, Proceedings of the EACL 2003 Workshop on Linguistically Annotated Corpora (LINC 2003), Budapest (2003)
Marchetti A., Tesconi M., Ronzano F., Rosella M., Minutoli S. : SemKey: A Semantic Collaborative Tagging System, Proceedings of WWW2007, Banff, Canada (2007)
Véronis J. : Sense tagging: does it make sense?, Corpus linguistics’ 2001 Conference, Lancaster, U.K. (2001)
Ploux S., Victorri B. : Construction d’espaces sémantiques à l’aide de dictionnaires informatisés de synonymes. TAL, 39(1), pp. 161-182 (1998)
Fellbaum C.D.: WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database. MIT Press, New York (1998)
Fišer D., Sagot B.: Combining multiple resources to build reliable wordnets. In TSD 2008, Brno, Czech Republic (2008)
Ji H., Ploux S., Wehrli E.: Lexical knowledge representation with contexonyms. In Proceedings of the 9th MT summit, pp. 194-201 (2003)
Tversky A.: Features of similarity, Psychological Review, 84, pp. 327-352 (1977)
Manning C.D., Schütze H. : Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing, MIT Press, Cambridge (1999)
Fairon C., Ho N.D. : Quantité d’information échangée : une nouvelle mesure de la similarité des mots, Journées internationales d’Analyse statistiques des Données Textuelles (JADT’04), Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgique) (2004)
Budanitsky A., Hirst G.: Evaluating WordNet-based Measures of lexical semantic Relatedness, Computational Linguistics, 32(1), pp. 13-47 (2006)
Turney P.D., Pantel P.: From Frequency to Meaning: Vector Space Models of Semantics, Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 37, pp. 141-188 (2010)