Słowa kluczowe
produktywność badawcza
prawo Lotki
stratyfikacja w nauce
struktura nagród
asymetryczny rozkład
akumulacja przewag
szkolnictwo wyższe
kadra akademicka
Polska
Jak cytować
Abstrakt
Rosnące zainteresowanie najbardziej produktywnymi naukowcami ma swoje źródło w zainteresowaniu wysoką indywidualną produktywnością w ramach ilościowych badań nauki i polityki naukowej. Co czyni naukowca najbardziej produktywnym badawczo? W prezentowanym artykule badamy górne 10 procent polskich naukowców pod kątem produktywności i poszukujemy predyktorów przynależności do tej grupy. W każdym systemie nauki niewielki odsetek naukowców pisze większość prac i przyciąga większość cytowań – ich rozkład jest skrajnie asymetryczny. Produktywność badawcza w powiązaniu z jakością publikacji determinuje poziom otrzymywanych nagród w nauce, a niewielkie różnice talentu mogą w sposób nieproporcjonalny przekładać się na poziom osiąganego sukcesu. Procesy te prowadzą do nierówności w dostępie do zasobów (środków, ludzi, infrastruktury i czasu przeznaczonego na badania). Najbardziej produktywni polscy naukowcy badani są tutaj za pomocą analizy dwuwymiarowej – analizujemy rozkład ich czasu pracy i orientacji na rolę akademicką – i przy użyciu podejścia modelowego. Badamy prawdopodobieństwo stania się wysoce produktywnym polskim naukowcem oszacowane dzięki zastosowaniu regresji logistycznej. W ramach głównych klastrów dyscyplin akademickich niewielka produktywna mniejszość, składająca się z 10 procent naukowców, odpowiada za niemal połowę (44,7 procent) wszystkich polskich publikacji (w tym 48 procent publikacji w języku angielskim i 57,2 procent publikacji pisanych ze współautorami zagranicznymi). Średnia produktywność badawcza najbardziej produktywnych naukowców jest ponad siedmiokrotnie (7,3) razy większa od produktywności 90 procent pozostałych naukowców zatrudnionych w polskim sektorze uniwersyteckim, a pod względem publikacji pisanych we współpracy międzynarodowej jest ona 12,07 razy większa. Zaobserwowano dużą nierówność – rozkład produktywności badawczej, zarówno dla wszystkich polskich naukowców, jak i dla najbardziej produktywnych naukowców, jest skrajnie asymetryczny, z charakterystycznym, długim ogonem z prawej strony rozkładu produktywności. Grupa najbardziej produktywnych naukowców, podobnie jak grupa pozostałych, mniej produktywnych naukowców, jest silnie wewnętrznie rozwarstwiona. Na bazie dużej krajowej próby (2525 obserwacji) stworzono osobne modele regresji logistycznej dla wszystkich naukowców; naukowców reprezentujących dyscypliny nauk ścisłych, technicznych, inżynieryjnych i matematycznych (STEM); oraz dla naukowców pracujących w naukach społecznych i humanistycznych (SSH). Funkcjonowanie kadry akademickiej w ramach pokazanej „reguły 10/50”, charakterystycznej również dla licznych systemów europejskich, rodzi konsekwencje dla polityki naukowej.
Finansowanie
Wydanie tego tomu nie byłoby możliwe bez wsparcia otrzymanego w ramach projektu MNISW Dialog (0022/DLG/2019/10), za co redaktor wyraża podziękowanie.
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