How to Cite
Abstract
The article discusses changes in educational inequality in post-war Poland in comparison with other countries. Educational inequality was defined as the difference in the chance for obtaining a university education between people whose fathers had at most a basic vocational education, and those whose fathers were college-educated. This definition roughly corresponds to the inequality between children of the intelligentsia and those of peasants and workers. Differences in access to higher education between men and women were also examined. This inequality was erased in post-war years, and in fact women appear to have gotten the upper hand by a narrow margin. At the same time, despite the ruling socialist ideology, the inequality related to social origin did not change, and possibly even has been growing since the 1960s. International comparisons show that the inequalities related to social origin were larger than in selected Western European countries, despite a common belief that socialism tended to equalize educational perspectives. The question is whether the endurance of the inequalities in Poland and their greater extent than in other European countries were caused by the school system (where a small percentage of students were going to universities and a much larger group finished at a basic vocational level), or by social inequalities between the studied groups that existed outside the school setting. The author sides with the latter hypothesis.
References
Bernstein B. 1972a Class and Pedagogies: Visible and Invisible, w: J. Karabel, A.H. Halsey (eds.): Power and Ideology in Education, New York, Oxford University Press.
Bernstein B. 1972b Social Class, Language and Socialization, w: J. Karabel, A.H. Halsey (eds.): Power and Ideology in Education, New York, Otford University Press.
Białecki I. 1982 Wybór szkoły a reprodukcja struktury społecznej, Ossolineum, Warszawa.
Białecki I. 1996 Alfabetyzm funkcjonalny, „Res Publica Nowa”, czerwiec, nr 6(93).
Białecki I., Domański H. 1995 Employment Opportunities in Poland's Changing Economy, „European Journal of Education”, vol. 30, nr 2, s. 171-185.
Białecki I., Heyns B. 1993 Educational Attainments and the Status of Women in Transition in Poland, w: V.M. Moghadam (ed.): Democratic Reform and the Position of Women in Transitional Economies, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Białecki I., Sikorska J. (red.) 1998 Wykształcenie i rynek, TEPIS, Warszawa.
Boudon R. 1973 Education, Opportunity and Social Inequality, New York, John Wiley and Sons.
Bordieu P, Passeron J.C. 1970 La reproduction: elements pour une theorie du systeme d’enseignements, Paris, Les Editions de Minuit.
Coleman J. i in. 1969 Equality of Educational Opportunity, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press.
Domański H. 1992 Zadowolony niewolnik. Studium o nierównościach między mężczyznami i kobietami w Polsce, Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii PAN, Warszawa.
Education... 1993 Education at a Glance. OECD Indicators, OECD, Paris.
Edukacja... 1996 Edukacja w zmieniającym się społeczeństwie, przygotował zespół pod kierunkiem I. Białeckiego, MEN, TEPIS, Warszawa.
Herrenstein R., Murray C. 1996 The Bell Curve. Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life, Simon & Schuster, New York.
Heyns B., Białecki I. 1993 lnequality in Education in Post-war Poland, w: H.P. Blossfield, Y. Shavit (eds.): Persistent lnequality: Changing Educational Stratification in Thirteen Countries, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
Jastrząb-Mrozicka M. 1974 Społeczne procesy wyboru studiów wyższych, PWN, Warszawa.
Jencks Ch. i in. 1972 Inequality: A Reassessment of the Effects of Family and Schooling in America, New York, Basic Books.
JensenA. 1969 How Much Can We Boost IQ Scholastic Achievement, „Harvard Educational Review”, vol. 39, Winter.
Kwieciński Z. 1974 Środowisko a wyniki pracy szkoły, WSiP, Warszawa.
Kwieciński Z. 1980 Drogi szkolne młodzieży a środowisko, WSiP, Warszawa.
Mateju P. 1993 Who Won and Who Lost in Socialist Redistribution in Czechoslovakia, w: H.P. Blossfield, Y. Shavit (eds.): Persistent lnequality: Changing Educational Stratification in Thirteen Countries, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
Misztal M. 1979 Rola wartości i aspiracji w procesie osiągnięć edukacyjnych i zawodowych, Warszawa.
Przejście między edukacją... 1998 Przejście między edukacją a rynkiem pracy, raport przygotowany przez I. Białeckiego przez zespół w składzie: A. Buchner-Jeziorska, E. Drogosz-Zabłocka, J. Gęciski, G. Koptas, A. Kowalska, Warszawa.
Woźnicki J. (red.) 1998a Model publicznej szkoły wyższej i jej otoczenia systemowego. Zasadnicze kierunki nowelizacji prawa o szkolnictwie wyższym, Warszawa.
Woźnicki J. (red.) 1998b Współpłatność za studia - część druga, Instytut Spraw Publicznych, Warszawa.
Zagórski K. 1976 Zmiany struktury i ruchliwość społeczno-zawodowa w Polsce, GUS, Warszawa.